What究竟是什么?

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  在2008年全国及各省市的19份高考试题中,有7个省市对what进行了考查,what究竟是什么?在名词性从句中,what除可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句外,还要在它所引导的从句中充当句子成分,作主语、宾语或表语。其意义相当于the thing(s) that。现将08年高考试题中的what考点解读如下:
  一、引导主语从句的what
  1. ____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
  (福建 27)
   A. It B. What C. As D. Which
  [答案解读]
  1.B。句子中第二个is是系动词,其前是主语,其后是表语。因此,需要选一个能引导主语从句的引导词。it常作形式主语,如果选it,则需去掉第二个is。as或which都可以引导定语从句,指代主句整句内容,as可放句首或句中,而which只能放在句中。如果选as,则句子应改为:As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. 如果选which,则句子应改为:The 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing, which/as is known to us all. 故选what,引导主语从句并作从句的主语。
  2. ____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(山东 23)
   A. It B.This C. What D. As
  [答案解读]
  2.C。句子中第二个was是系动词,其前是主语,其后是表语。因此,需要选一个能引导主语从句的引导词。选项中只有what符合,引导主语从句并在从句中作主语,故选C。she told me是插入语。句意为:她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
  二、引导宾语从句的what
  3. The companies are working together to create ____they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (北京 30)
   A. which B. that C. what D. who
  [答案解读]
  3.C。create后为宾语从句,该从句缺少主语,其中they hope为插入语。句意为:这些公司正在一起努力创造出他们所希望的21世纪最好的交通工具。根据句意,选项中能够在名词性从句中起引导作用并能作从句主语的引导词只能是what。that虽可连接宾语从句,但不能在从句中作任何句子成分。which“哪一个”,who“谁”,都不符合题意。
  4. When asked ____they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.(湖南 29)
   A. what B. why C. whom D. which
  [答案解读]
  4.A。句意为:当被问及他们最需要什么时,孩子们说他们想要被重视、被关爱的感觉。根据句意,孩子们需要的是某种东西,而不是人,所以,选择what引导宾语从句,并在宾语从句中作宾语。why“为什么”,whom“谁”,which“哪一个”,都不符合题意。
  5. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from____their parents speak at home.
  (浙江 6)
   A. what B. that C. which D. one
  [答案解读]
  5.A。句意为:一些孩子想要通过学习一种不同于家长在家说的语言来挑战他们自己。根据句意,这里只能选择what来引导宾语从句,并在从句中作speak的宾语。that虽可引导宾语从句,但不能在从句中作任何句子成分。which“哪一个”,不符合题意。one可作定语从句的先行词,但这里表特指,应用the one。
  6. People in Chongqing are proud of ____ they have achieved in the past ten years.
  (重庆 25)
   A. that B. which C. what D. how
  [答案解读]
  6.C。这里只能选择what来引导宾语从句,并在从句中作have achieved的宾语,相当于the things that。that虽可引导宾语从句,但不能在从句中作任何句子成分。which“哪一个”,how“如何”,都不符合题意。
  7. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ____ he will do or think.
  (上海 34)
   A. what B. which C. whom D. that
  [答案解读]
  7.A。句意为:作为他最好的朋友,我能够准确地猜出他的所做所想。根据句意,这里只能选择what来引导宾语从句,并在从句中作do or think的宾语,表示“所做或所想的事情(东西)”。that虽可引导宾语从句,但不能在从句中作任何句子成分。which“哪一个”,whom“谁”,都不符合题意。
  三、引导表语从句的what
  8. See the flags on top of the building? That was ____ we did this morning.(06全国I)
   A. when B. which C. where D. what
  [答案解读]
  8.D。本题是考查表语从句的引导词。句意为:看到楼顶上的旗子了吗?那就是我们今天早上做的事。分析句子结构,综合句意可知,这里只能选择what来引导表语从句,并在从句中作did的宾语,相当于the thing that。 when“什么时候”,which“哪一个”,where“哪里”,都不符合题意。
  [真题再现]
  1. ____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(07全国Ⅱ)
   A. What B. Why
   C. Where D. Which
  2. ____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.(07上海)
   A. That B. What
   C. Whether D. Where
  3. It is none of your business ____ other people think about you. Believe yourself.
  (07福建)
   A. how B. what C. which D. when
  4. ____ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.(07陕西)
   A. That B. Which C. What D. As
  5. ____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.(06辽宁)
   A. What B. Who
   C. Whatever D. Whoever
  6. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is.(07 天津)
   A. what B. which C. how D. where
  7. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ____ you want to use it for.(07江苏)
   A. what B. why C. how D. whether
  8. ——Could you do me a favor?
   ——It depends on ____ it is.
  (06 北京)
   A. which B. whichever
   C. what D. whatever
  9. I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited.(06 山东)
   A. why it does B. what he does
   C. how it is D. what it is
  10. ——What did your parents think about
   your decision?
  ——They always let me do ____ I think I should.(06全国Ⅱ)
   A. when B. that C. how D. what
  Keys:1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.D
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