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A full-length cDNA of dehydrin BcDh2 from Boea crassifolia and its antisense nucleotide sequence have been transferred into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) NC89 under the control of a caulifower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Under a progressive water stress, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the sense and antisense plants reduced, and those of the control reduced much more. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of all plants tested increased significantly 24 hours later after recoveried water supply, and those of the sense and antisense plants were higher than control. These indicated that overexpression of a dehydrin gene in tobacco may improve tolerance to water stress for plants, however, antisense BcDh2 gene in transgenic plant did not influence physiological conditions. The results of germination experiment of the transgenic seeds showed that on MS medium with different concentration PEG (8000), sense seed could more endure drought than control, while antisense seed was sensitive to drought. The results suggested that the overexpression of a dehydrin gene in tobacco might improve the tolerance to water stress for plants.