亨利克·易卜生(1828——1906)是挪威十九世纪伟大的批判现实主义作家、世界著名的戏剧大师。他的一生是在挪威民族解放运动日益高涨的时期中度过的。民族解放运动促进了挪威民族文学的发展和繁荣,也促进了易卜生民族意识的觉醒和艺术创作的日臻完善。从十九世纪七十年代起,易卜生的创作逐渐从浪漫主义过渡到现实主义新阶段,陆续完成了《社会支柱》(1877)、《玩偶之家》(1879)、《群鬼》(1881)、《人民公敌》(1882)等十多个“社会剧”剧本。他敢 Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) is Norway’s great critical realist writer of the nineteenth century and world famous master of theater. His life was spent during the period of the rising national liberation movement in Norway. The national liberation movement promoted the development and prosperity of Norwegian national literature and also promoted the awakening of Ibsen’s national consciousness and the perfection of artistic creation. From the 1870s onward, Ibsen’s gradual transition from romanticism to a new stage of realism gradually completed the construction of “Social Pillars” (1877), “Doll’s House” (1879), “Ghosts” 1881), “People’s Enemy” (1882) and more than a dozen “social drama” scripts. He dares