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Unit 20
1.In England, who can marry couples in church?
在英国，谁可以在教堂里为新人主持婚礼？
知识点couple的用法
1.夫妇。例如：
The young couple decided to start their tour immediately.
那对年轻的夫妇决定立即开始他们的旅行。
2.几个；两个。例如：
They walked a couple of miles. 他们步行了几英里。
3.一对，一双。例如：
He keeps a couple of dogs. 他养了两只狗。
[辨析]pair, couple
(1)两件组成一套，通常不分开使用的物品叫pair,它们可以是不连在一起的两件物品(如shoes),或者由两个相同的部分组成的物品(如trousers)。例如：
a pair of socks/trousers/shoes/scissors/glasses一双袜子/一条裤子/一双鞋/一把剪刀/一副眼镜
(2)couple是指任何两件同样的物品。例如：
I saw a couple of cats in the garden. 我在花园里看见两只猫。
Could you lend me a couple of pounds? 你能借给我两英镑吗？
Not every couple is a pair.[谚]天下夫妇多，珠联壁合少。
2.I intend to… 我打算……
1.想要；打算。例如：
Let’s ask her what she intends us to do.
让我们问她想要我们做什么。
What do you intend to do today? 你今天打算做什么？
She intended to catch the early train, but she didn’t get up in time.
她打算赶早班火车，但是她没有及时起床。
They intended taking the airplane on the other side of the river.
他们打算乘坐河对岸的飞机。
2. 常用句型为：intend to do/doing sth.想要做某事，intend sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事，intend sb. for希望某人……。例如：
She intends to go (going) abroad next year. 她打算明年出国。
My father intended me to become a doctor.
我的父亲想要我做个医生。
She intends her daughter for a scientist. 她希望女儿当个科学家。
[注意]intend作“建议；主张”讲时，后接宾语从句，其谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。例如：
I intend that she should go, not you.
我的意思是要她去，而不是你去。
3.How long has the tradition of crosstalk existed in China?
相声这一传统在中国已经存在多少年了？
知识点exist的用法
1.vi.存在。例如：
That word doesn’t exist in English. 英语中没有那个单词。
2.vi.生存；生活。例如：
She existed only on milk. 她只靠牛奶生存。
[拓展]
(1)existence n.[U]存在；生存；存在物，与其相關的短语为：an existence生活，bring/call into existence使产生；使成立，come into existence开始存在；产生；成立，in existence存在的；现存的，put out of existence消灭；灭绝；杀死。例如：
Do you believe in the existence of God? 你相信上帝的存在吗？
(2)exit n.[C]出口；通道；安全门；太平门。vi.(戏剧)退场，反义词为enter,意为“登场”；make one’s exit退出；离去。例如：
That’s the only exit from the theater. 那是该剧院的唯一出口。
4.I cycled in front of him, got off my bicycle and laid it down on the road in front of his car so that he couldn’t drive off.
我骑到他面前，下了车，把车放倒在汽车前面，让他无法开走。
知识点lay down的用法
lay down意为“放下；牺牲；献出；声明”。例如：
Lay down your arms and come out with your hands up!
放下你的武器举起手走出来！
[拓展]
[固定短语]lay/set/clap eyes on看见；见到(常用于否定句中),lay in贮存，lay off把……搁在一边；休息；停止做……；脱掉；解雇，lay out展开；铺开；摆开；陈列；展示；安排，lay up大量贮存；积累，lay to停泊；使停泊。
5.Then I picked up my bicycle and rode on.
然后我扶起我的自行车继续向前骑。
知识点pick up的用法
1.拾起；捡起。例如：
The children picked up many seashells at the seashore.
孩子们在海边捡到许多海贝壳。
She picked up a stone and threw it at the window.
她捡起了一块石头朝窗户扔去。
2.(无意中)学会；偶然发现。例如：
In that way I’ll be able to pick up some theoretical knowledge, too.
这样我也能学到一些理论知识。
He picked up the information in a most unlikely place.
他在一个非常令人意想不到的地方偶然得到了那个消息。
When she was in France, she picked up Spanish.
她在法国期间，偶然学会了西班牙语。
3.见到；听出；收听到。例如：
We picked up radio signals for help from the damaged plane.
我们收到了出故障的飞机发出的求救信号。
4.恢复。例如：
I believe things will pick up soon. 我相信事情很快就会好转。
I picked up my computer programme. 我恢复了我的电脑程序。
你应该对这里随时可能发生的事有所准备。
Such emotions usually occur among the married women.
这种情感常在已婚妇女中出现。
It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the
job. 我突然想到我们可以用计算机做这项工作。
When exactly did the incident occur?
这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？
The idea occurred to him in a dream. 这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
It didn’t occur to her to ask for help. 她没想到请人帮忙。
10.She speaks to the man most of the time and focuses her attention on him. 大多数时间都是她对那个人说，她把所有的注意力全放在他的身上。
知识点focus的用法
1.n.焦点。例如：
Bring the object into focus if you want a good photograph.
如果你想拍一张好照片，把物体对准在焦点上。
2.vt.使聚焦；使集中。常与介词on连用。例如：
The beams of light moved across the sky and focused on the plane.
光束在空中移动，集中对准飞机。
[固定短语] focus on把焦点对准；集中注意(研究)……；focus/centre one’s attention on集中某人的注意力于……。
Unit22
11.Go straight down this road, and then turn left.
沿着这条路一直向前走，然后向左拐。
知识点straight的用法
1.adj.直的；正直的；直立的；诚实的。例如：
We often draw a straight line with a ruler. 我们常用直尺画直线。
The picture is not straight. You must move the right side up.
这张画不正，你必须把右边往上移。
2.adv.直地；不弯地。例如：
This picture is not hanging straight. 这幅画没挂正。
The smoke rose straight up. 烟笔直地升起。
The car went straight up the road. 小汽车一直开过这条路。
[辨析] straight, direct, directly
(1)straight强调外观，表示整齐有序，可引申为“正直；朴实”。例如：
He is straight in everything. 他对任何事都很认真。
(2)direct意为“直达的；坦率的；直接地”，强调路线不弯曲及其方向性。例如：
Our leader never gave a direct answer to any questions of the reporters. 我们的领导从不直接回答记者的任何问题。
They flew direct from China to America. 他们直接从中国飞往美国。
(3)directly着重指对事物直接影响，不着重强调实际距离。例如：
She has never spoken directly about Tom. 她从不直接谈论汤姆。
[注意]directly还可作连词，引导从句，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。例如：
I came directly I got your message. 我一收到你消息就来了。
12.Excuse me. Does this road lead to…， please?
请问，这是通往……的路吗？
知识点lead to的用法
1.通向；引至。to为介词，后接名词或代词(表地点)。如果后面接地点副词，则省略to。例如：
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
Do you know the road leading to the nearest post office?
你知道去最近的邮局的路吗？
Hard work led to his success in the end.
努力工作使他最终走向成功。
Where does that road lead to? 那条路通往何方？
This road leads there. 这条路通向那里。
2.导致。无被动形式。例如：
The cold air led to him coughing. 寒气导致他咳嗽。
[固定短语]lead the way to意为“带路；开创”。例如：
That old man led the way to that building.
那位老人带路到那栋楼前。
Einstein’s theory led the way to a new scientific times.
爱因斯坦的理论开创了一个新的科学时代。
[注意]含有介词to的短语，后面需用动名词作宾语的有:look forward to, pay attention to, be/get used to, devote sth./oneself to, get down to, prefer doing sth. to doing sth., be due to, see to, feel equal to。“动词+介词to”构成的短语还有：turn to(求助于), stick to(坚持)， object to(反对),belong to(属于), refer to(谈到；涉及；参阅)， point to(指向), come to(共计；苏醒), reply to(答复), agree to(同意), add to(增加), compare…to…(把……比作……)。
13.The parks are becoming more advanced and new technology allows us to experience almost anything without actually being in danger or risking injury. 公園更加先进完善了，高新技术保障我们几乎经历一切但完全没有危险和伤害。
知识点1辨析allow, permit, let
1.allow为一般性动词，词义较弱，表示“默许；听任；不加阻止”的意思，可用于正式场合表示客气的请求，比permit含有更消极的意思。例如：
Allow me to use your computer. 允许我用一下你的电脑。
As a child, I was never allowed to stay up late.
小时候，大人从不允许我熬夜。
Fishing is not allowed here. 这里不许钓鱼。
2.permit用法比较正式，比allow含有更积极的意思，语气比allow强，强调“正式认可；批准”的意思。例如：
Smoking is not permitted in the reading-room. 阅览室内禁止吸烟。
They permitted me to inform you. 他们允许我通知你。
3.let表示“让”，词义最弱，和allow, permit的意思相同，常用于口语中，一般不用于被动语态，后面接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：
Please let me introduce my classmates.
=Please allow me to introduce my classmates.
请允许我介绍一下我的同学们。
His father would not let him go. 他的父亲不让他走。
知识点2risk的用法
1.作名词，意为“危险；风险”。例如：
Is there any risk doing this kind of business? 做这种生意有风险吗？
He jumped into the water at the risk of his life.
他冒着生命危险跳入水中。
There is no risk of being fined if you obey the rule.
如果你遵守制度，就不会有被罚的危险。
There is no risk of doing it. 做这件事根本不存在风险。
There was a constant risk that you would be arrested.
你会有被捕的危险。
2.作动词，意为“冒险”。
(1)risk+n.。例如：
Though he risked the punishment, he climbed over the fence.
尽管他明知会受惩罚，他还是翻过了围墙。
(2)risk+动名词。例如：
He risked losing his life for the national property.
他为保护国家财产而冒牺牲生命的危险。
Don’t risk doing that. 不要冒险做那件事。
He risks losing his job. 他冒失业的危险。
[固定短语]
run/take risks/a risk 冒险
run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事
at the risk of/at risk to 冒着……的危险
at your own risk 自担风险；责任自负
at risk/in danger在危险中
14.Much has changed since the early days of roller coasters;
… 早期的过山车已经改变很多；……
知识点change的用法
1.作动词，意为“改变；改换；变化”。例如：
Shall I change the maps on the wall? 我能把墙上的地图换换吗？
To his surprise, his hometown has greatly been changed.
使他惊讶的是，他的家乡大大改变了。
The weather changes very often in England. 英国天气常常变化。
Can hard work change a person that much?
艰苦的工作会使人改变那么大吗？
We can change water into ice. 我们可以把水变成冰。
2.作名词，意为“变化；变更；更换；零钱；找零”。例如：
Many old people do not fit in with a sudden change in the weather.
许多老人不适应天气的突然变化。
Great changes have taken place in our country.
我国已经发生了巨大的变化。
Do you have any small change on you? 你身上有零钱吗？
[辨析] turn, change
turn和change作动词，都意为“变；变成”。在有介词短语作状语时，两者可以通用。但change作不及物动词，后面不能带表语；turn可以作连系动词，后面可以带表语。例如：
In winter, water changes/turns into ice. 冬天，水变成了冰。
The colour turned red. 顏色变红了。(此句不能用change替换)
15.In the park, visitors can view small copies of famous buildings and landscapes.
在公园里，游客们可以看到世界著名建筑和景观的微缩版。
知识点view的用法
1.n.风景；见解；视野；观点；意见。例如：
The Great Wall came into our view. 长城出现在我们眼前。
The view from our house is very beautiful.
从我们的房子向外看，风景很美。
What a wonderful view from your window!
从你家的窗户向外看，景色美丽极了！
We had a good view of the town from the top of the hill.
从山顶上我们清楚地看到了城镇的景色。
His views on the problem were well known.
他对这个问题的看法众所周知。
We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere.
我们所持的态度是：干涉是错误的。
2.vt.认为；观察；看待；考虑。例如：
View the problem from all angles. 全面地考虑问题。
The subject may be viewed in various ways. 这题目可从各方面考虑。
Several possible buyers have come to view the house.
几个可能买房子的人已来看过房子了。
How do you view your position within the company?
你如何看待自己在公司中的位置？
1.In England, who can marry couples in church?
在英国，谁可以在教堂里为新人主持婚礼？
知识点couple的用法
1.夫妇。例如：
The young couple decided to start their tour immediately.
那对年轻的夫妇决定立即开始他们的旅行。
2.几个；两个。例如：
They walked a couple of miles. 他们步行了几英里。
3.一对，一双。例如：
He keeps a couple of dogs. 他养了两只狗。
[辨析]pair, couple
(1)两件组成一套，通常不分开使用的物品叫pair,它们可以是不连在一起的两件物品(如shoes),或者由两个相同的部分组成的物品(如trousers)。例如：
a pair of socks/trousers/shoes/scissors/glasses一双袜子/一条裤子/一双鞋/一把剪刀/一副眼镜
(2)couple是指任何两件同样的物品。例如：
I saw a couple of cats in the garden. 我在花园里看见两只猫。
Could you lend me a couple of pounds? 你能借给我两英镑吗？
Not every couple is a pair.[谚]天下夫妇多，珠联壁合少。
2.I intend to… 我打算……
1.想要；打算。例如：
Let’s ask her what she intends us to do.
让我们问她想要我们做什么。
What do you intend to do today? 你今天打算做什么？
She intended to catch the early train, but she didn’t get up in time.
她打算赶早班火车，但是她没有及时起床。
They intended taking the airplane on the other side of the river.
他们打算乘坐河对岸的飞机。
2. 常用句型为：intend to do/doing sth.想要做某事，intend sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事，intend sb. for希望某人……。例如：
She intends to go (going) abroad next year. 她打算明年出国。
My father intended me to become a doctor.
我的父亲想要我做个医生。
She intends her daughter for a scientist. 她希望女儿当个科学家。
[注意]intend作“建议；主张”讲时，后接宾语从句，其谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。例如：
I intend that she should go, not you.
我的意思是要她去，而不是你去。
3.How long has the tradition of crosstalk existed in China?
相声这一传统在中国已经存在多少年了？
知识点exist的用法
1.vi.存在。例如：
That word doesn’t exist in English. 英语中没有那个单词。
2.vi.生存；生活。例如：
She existed only on milk. 她只靠牛奶生存。
[拓展]
(1)existence n.[U]存在；生存；存在物，与其相關的短语为：an existence生活，bring/call into existence使产生；使成立，come into existence开始存在；产生；成立，in existence存在的；现存的，put out of existence消灭；灭绝；杀死。例如：
Do you believe in the existence of God? 你相信上帝的存在吗？
(2)exit n.[C]出口；通道；安全门；太平门。vi.(戏剧)退场，反义词为enter,意为“登场”；make one’s exit退出；离去。例如：
That’s the only exit from the theater. 那是该剧院的唯一出口。
4.I cycled in front of him, got off my bicycle and laid it down on the road in front of his car so that he couldn’t drive off.
我骑到他面前，下了车，把车放倒在汽车前面，让他无法开走。
知识点lay down的用法
lay down意为“放下；牺牲；献出；声明”。例如：
Lay down your arms and come out with your hands up!
放下你的武器举起手走出来！
[拓展]
[固定短语]lay/set/clap eyes on看见；见到(常用于否定句中),lay in贮存，lay off把……搁在一边；休息；停止做……；脱掉；解雇，lay out展开；铺开；摆开；陈列；展示；安排，lay up大量贮存；积累，lay to停泊；使停泊。
5.Then I picked up my bicycle and rode on.
然后我扶起我的自行车继续向前骑。
知识点pick up的用法
1.拾起；捡起。例如：
The children picked up many seashells at the seashore.
孩子们在海边捡到许多海贝壳。
She picked up a stone and threw it at the window.
她捡起了一块石头朝窗户扔去。
2.(无意中)学会；偶然发现。例如：
In that way I’ll be able to pick up some theoretical knowledge, too.
这样我也能学到一些理论知识。
He picked up the information in a most unlikely place.
他在一个非常令人意想不到的地方偶然得到了那个消息。
When she was in France, she picked up Spanish.
她在法国期间，偶然学会了西班牙语。
3.见到；听出；收听到。例如：
We picked up radio signals for help from the damaged plane.
我们收到了出故障的飞机发出的求救信号。
4.恢复。例如：
I believe things will pick up soon. 我相信事情很快就会好转。
I picked up my computer programme. 我恢复了我的电脑程序。
你应该对这里随时可能发生的事有所准备。
Such emotions usually occur among the married women.
这种情感常在已婚妇女中出现。
It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the
job. 我突然想到我们可以用计算机做这项工作。
When exactly did the incident occur?
这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？
The idea occurred to him in a dream. 这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
It didn’t occur to her to ask for help. 她没想到请人帮忙。
10.She speaks to the man most of the time and focuses her attention on him. 大多数时间都是她对那个人说，她把所有的注意力全放在他的身上。
知识点focus的用法
1.n.焦点。例如：
Bring the object into focus if you want a good photograph.
如果你想拍一张好照片，把物体对准在焦点上。
2.vt.使聚焦；使集中。常与介词on连用。例如：
The beams of light moved across the sky and focused on the plane.
光束在空中移动，集中对准飞机。
[固定短语] focus on把焦点对准；集中注意(研究)……；focus/centre one’s attention on集中某人的注意力于……。
Unit22
11.Go straight down this road, and then turn left.
沿着这条路一直向前走，然后向左拐。
知识点straight的用法
1.adj.直的；正直的；直立的；诚实的。例如：
We often draw a straight line with a ruler. 我们常用直尺画直线。
The picture is not straight. You must move the right side up.
这张画不正，你必须把右边往上移。
2.adv.直地；不弯地。例如：
This picture is not hanging straight. 这幅画没挂正。
The smoke rose straight up. 烟笔直地升起。
The car went straight up the road. 小汽车一直开过这条路。
[辨析] straight, direct, directly
(1)straight强调外观，表示整齐有序，可引申为“正直；朴实”。例如：
He is straight in everything. 他对任何事都很认真。
(2)direct意为“直达的；坦率的；直接地”，强调路线不弯曲及其方向性。例如：
Our leader never gave a direct answer to any questions of the reporters. 我们的领导从不直接回答记者的任何问题。
They flew direct from China to America. 他们直接从中国飞往美国。
(3)directly着重指对事物直接影响，不着重强调实际距离。例如：
She has never spoken directly about Tom. 她从不直接谈论汤姆。
[注意]directly还可作连词，引导从句，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。例如：
I came directly I got your message. 我一收到你消息就来了。
12.Excuse me. Does this road lead to…， please?
请问，这是通往……的路吗？
知识点lead to的用法
1.通向；引至。to为介词，后接名词或代词(表地点)。如果后面接地点副词，则省略to。例如：
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
Do you know the road leading to the nearest post office?
你知道去最近的邮局的路吗？
Hard work led to his success in the end.
努力工作使他最终走向成功。
Where does that road lead to? 那条路通往何方？
This road leads there. 这条路通向那里。
2.导致。无被动形式。例如：
The cold air led to him coughing. 寒气导致他咳嗽。
[固定短语]lead the way to意为“带路；开创”。例如：
That old man led the way to that building.
那位老人带路到那栋楼前。
Einstein’s theory led the way to a new scientific times.
爱因斯坦的理论开创了一个新的科学时代。
[注意]含有介词to的短语，后面需用动名词作宾语的有:look forward to, pay attention to, be/get used to, devote sth./oneself to, get down to, prefer doing sth. to doing sth., be due to, see to, feel equal to。“动词+介词to”构成的短语还有：turn to(求助于), stick to(坚持)， object to(反对),belong to(属于), refer to(谈到；涉及；参阅)， point to(指向), come to(共计；苏醒), reply to(答复), agree to(同意), add to(增加), compare…to…(把……比作……)。
13.The parks are becoming more advanced and new technology allows us to experience almost anything without actually being in danger or risking injury. 公園更加先进完善了，高新技术保障我们几乎经历一切但完全没有危险和伤害。
知识点1辨析allow, permit, let
1.allow为一般性动词，词义较弱，表示“默许；听任；不加阻止”的意思，可用于正式场合表示客气的请求，比permit含有更消极的意思。例如：
Allow me to use your computer. 允许我用一下你的电脑。
As a child, I was never allowed to stay up late.
小时候，大人从不允许我熬夜。
Fishing is not allowed here. 这里不许钓鱼。
2.permit用法比较正式，比allow含有更积极的意思，语气比allow强，强调“正式认可；批准”的意思。例如：
Smoking is not permitted in the reading-room. 阅览室内禁止吸烟。
They permitted me to inform you. 他们允许我通知你。
3.let表示“让”，词义最弱，和allow, permit的意思相同，常用于口语中，一般不用于被动语态，后面接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：
Please let me introduce my classmates.
=Please allow me to introduce my classmates.
请允许我介绍一下我的同学们。
His father would not let him go. 他的父亲不让他走。
知识点2risk的用法
1.作名词，意为“危险；风险”。例如：
Is there any risk doing this kind of business? 做这种生意有风险吗？
He jumped into the water at the risk of his life.
他冒着生命危险跳入水中。
There is no risk of being fined if you obey the rule.
如果你遵守制度，就不会有被罚的危险。
There is no risk of doing it. 做这件事根本不存在风险。
There was a constant risk that you would be arrested.
你会有被捕的危险。
2.作动词，意为“冒险”。
(1)risk+n.。例如：
Though he risked the punishment, he climbed over the fence.
尽管他明知会受惩罚，他还是翻过了围墙。
(2)risk+动名词。例如：
He risked losing his life for the national property.
他为保护国家财产而冒牺牲生命的危险。
Don’t risk doing that. 不要冒险做那件事。
He risks losing his job. 他冒失业的危险。
[固定短语]
run/take risks/a risk 冒险
run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事
at the risk of/at risk to 冒着……的危险
at your own risk 自担风险；责任自负
at risk/in danger在危险中
14.Much has changed since the early days of roller coasters;
… 早期的过山车已经改变很多；……
知识点change的用法
1.作动词，意为“改变；改换；变化”。例如：
Shall I change the maps on the wall? 我能把墙上的地图换换吗？
To his surprise, his hometown has greatly been changed.
使他惊讶的是，他的家乡大大改变了。
The weather changes very often in England. 英国天气常常变化。
Can hard work change a person that much?
艰苦的工作会使人改变那么大吗？
We can change water into ice. 我们可以把水变成冰。
2.作名词，意为“变化；变更；更换；零钱；找零”。例如：
Many old people do not fit in with a sudden change in the weather.
许多老人不适应天气的突然变化。
Great changes have taken place in our country.
我国已经发生了巨大的变化。
Do you have any small change on you? 你身上有零钱吗？
[辨析] turn, change
turn和change作动词，都意为“变；变成”。在有介词短语作状语时，两者可以通用。但change作不及物动词，后面不能带表语；turn可以作连系动词，后面可以带表语。例如：
In winter, water changes/turns into ice. 冬天，水变成了冰。
The colour turned red. 顏色变红了。(此句不能用change替换)
15.In the park, visitors can view small copies of famous buildings and landscapes.
在公园里，游客们可以看到世界著名建筑和景观的微缩版。
知识点view的用法
1.n.风景；见解；视野；观点；意见。例如：
The Great Wall came into our view. 长城出现在我们眼前。
The view from our house is very beautiful.
从我们的房子向外看，风景很美。
What a wonderful view from your window!
从你家的窗户向外看，景色美丽极了！
We had a good view of the town from the top of the hill.
从山顶上我们清楚地看到了城镇的景色。
His views on the problem were well known.
他对这个问题的看法众所周知。
We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere.
我们所持的态度是：干涉是错误的。
2.vt.认为；观察；看待；考虑。例如：
View the problem from all angles. 全面地考虑问题。
The subject may be viewed in various ways. 这题目可从各方面考虑。
Several possible buyers have come to view the house.
几个可能买房子的人已来看过房子了。
How do you view your position within the company?
你如何看待自己在公司中的位置？