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本Unit 1中同学们学习了许多含有“by+v-ing”结构的句子。如:
——How do you learn English? 你是怎样学英语的?
——I learn by studying with a group. 我和组里的同学一起学习。
Do you learn English by watching English-language videos?
你是通过看英语录像来学习英语的吗?
同学们,你们对这种结构知道多少呢?请看下面的简析:
[简析] “by+v-ing”结构
在这个结构中,by是介词,意为“以……方式”、“以……方法或手段”,by 之后常接v-ing 或名词。这种结构在句子中用作方式状语,所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象,译成汉语时常为“通过,借助, 用,由”等。如:
We learn English by reading aloud. 我们通过大声朗读学习英语。
You can turn on the recorder by pressing the button.
你可以通过按这个按钮来打开录音机。
She learned English well by listening to the radio. 她借助听收音机学英语学得很好。
[链接] “by +名词”结构
当by后接名词时,常有下列三种情况:
1. 用 “by+交通工具的名词”,如:by train乘火车/by plane 乘飞机等。
2. 用 “by+交通路线的名词”,如: by air乘飞机/by sea从海路等。
3. 用 “by+通讯工具的名词”,如:by e-mail通过电子邮件等。
注意:这些名词一律用单数形式,其前也通常不加限定词。但要注意的是:by bus=in a bus.
[拓展] 英语中表示“通过;用……(方式)”,除用by 外,还有with, in, through和动词use,但它们在用法和结构上有区别:
1. with+有形的工具名词。如:
The robber was killed with a gun. 强盗被枪打死了。
2. in+某种方式或语言名词。如:
He spoke in a loud voice so that all the class could hear him.
他用很高的声音讲课以便全班都能听见。
What’s this in English? 这用英语怎么说?
3. through+空间名词。如:
Through the kitchen window, I saw the mailman walking up to the house.
通过厨房的窗子,我看到邮递员朝房子走来。
4. use是动词,在句中作谓语。如:
May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的字典吗?
巩固精练:
Ⅰ. 选择填空
1. ——____ do you tell him about the event?
——By ____ e-mail.
A. How; sending B. How; send C. What; sending D. What; send
2. More and more people in Beijing are able to talk and write ____ English these days.
A. on B. in C. to D. at
3. The sunlight was coming ____ the window.
A. through B. with C. in D. by
4. What will you buy ____ the money?
A. through B. with C. use D. by
5. ——How does your father often go to work?
——____.
A. By a car B. In a car C. By car D. B and C
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思,完成下列各句,每空词数不限。
1. 她是通过制作单词认读卡片学习英语单词的。
She learned English words _______________________.
2. 我是靠与朋友进行会话的方式学习的。
I study ________________________________________.
3. 我们通过读大量英文报纸学习英语的。
We learn English _____________________________.
4. 她是通过看英语电视节目学习英语的。
She studied English ____________________________.
5. 你是靠参加小组的方式学习英语的吗?
Do you learn English ________________________?
6. 她通过朗读来练习发音。
She practices pronunciation ______________________.
7. 我可以用一下你的MP4吗?
May I ______________________?
8. 你能用简单的英语回答这个问题吗?
Can you answer the question _____________________?
Key:Ⅰ.1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.D Ⅱ.1.by making flashcards 2.by having conversations with friends 3.by reading lots of English newspapers 4.by watching English programs on TV 5.by working with a group 6.by reading aloud 7.use your MP4 8.in simple English
——How do you learn English? 你是怎样学英语的?
——I learn by studying with a group. 我和组里的同学一起学习。
Do you learn English by watching English-language videos?
你是通过看英语录像来学习英语的吗?
同学们,你们对这种结构知道多少呢?请看下面的简析:
[简析] “by+v-ing”结构
在这个结构中,by是介词,意为“以……方式”、“以……方法或手段”,by 之后常接v-ing 或名词。这种结构在句子中用作方式状语,所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象,译成汉语时常为“通过,借助, 用,由”等。如:
We learn English by reading aloud. 我们通过大声朗读学习英语。
You can turn on the recorder by pressing the button.
你可以通过按这个按钮来打开录音机。
She learned English well by listening to the radio. 她借助听收音机学英语学得很好。
[链接] “by +名词”结构
当by后接名词时,常有下列三种情况:
1. 用 “by+交通工具的名词”,如:by train乘火车/by plane 乘飞机等。
2. 用 “by+交通路线的名词”,如: by air乘飞机/by sea从海路等。
3. 用 “by+通讯工具的名词”,如:by e-mail通过电子邮件等。
注意:这些名词一律用单数形式,其前也通常不加限定词。但要注意的是:by bus=in a bus.
[拓展] 英语中表示“通过;用……(方式)”,除用by 外,还有with, in, through和动词use,但它们在用法和结构上有区别:
1. with+有形的工具名词。如:
The robber was killed with a gun. 强盗被枪打死了。
2. in+某种方式或语言名词。如:
He spoke in a loud voice so that all the class could hear him.
他用很高的声音讲课以便全班都能听见。
What’s this in English? 这用英语怎么说?
3. through+空间名词。如:
Through the kitchen window, I saw the mailman walking up to the house.
通过厨房的窗子,我看到邮递员朝房子走来。
4. use是动词,在句中作谓语。如:
May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的字典吗?
巩固精练:
Ⅰ. 选择填空
1. ——____ do you tell him about the event?
——By ____ e-mail.
A. How; sending B. How; send C. What; sending D. What; send
2. More and more people in Beijing are able to talk and write ____ English these days.
A. on B. in C. to D. at
3. The sunlight was coming ____ the window.
A. through B. with C. in D. by
4. What will you buy ____ the money?
A. through B. with C. use D. by
5. ——How does your father often go to work?
——____.
A. By a car B. In a car C. By car D. B and C
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思,完成下列各句,每空词数不限。
1. 她是通过制作单词认读卡片学习英语单词的。
She learned English words _______________________.
2. 我是靠与朋友进行会话的方式学习的。
I study ________________________________________.
3. 我们通过读大量英文报纸学习英语的。
We learn English _____________________________.
4. 她是通过看英语电视节目学习英语的。
She studied English ____________________________.
5. 你是靠参加小组的方式学习英语的吗?
Do you learn English ________________________?
6. 她通过朗读来练习发音。
She practices pronunciation ______________________.
7. 我可以用一下你的MP4吗?
May I ______________________?
8. 你能用简单的英语回答这个问题吗?
Can you answer the question _____________________?
Key:Ⅰ.1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.D Ⅱ.1.by making flashcards 2.by having conversations with friends 3.by reading lots of English newspapers 4.by watching English programs on TV 5.by working with a group 6.by reading aloud 7.use your MP4 8.in simple English