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量子计算是半导体芯片尺寸突破经典物理极限的必然产物,是后摩尔时代具有标志性的技术.利用半导体量子点中电子的量子特性编码量子比特,被认为是最有可能实现量子计算的候选者之一,近年来在量子比特制备、读取和逻辑门操控上取得了一系列的重大突破.本文首先介绍了半导体量子点量子计算研究的背景与意义,随后回顾了基于半导体量子点的电子自旋量子比特、电荷量子比特、新型编码量子比特和量子比特的长程耦合等方面的研究进展,最后讨论了半导体量子点量子计算的发展方向.
Quantum computing is an inevitable result of semiconductor chip size breaking through the limit of classical physics and is an iconic technology in post-Moore era.Coding quantum bits with the electronic quantum character of semiconductor quantum dots is considered as the most likely candidate for quantum computation In recent years, a series of major breakthroughs have been made in the preparation, reading and logic gate manipulation of quantum bits.In this paper, the background and significance of the quantum computing of semiconductor quantum dots are firstly introduced, and then the electronic spin based on semiconductor quantum dots Quantum bits, Charged Quantum bits, Newly encoded qubits and Long-distance coupling of qubits are discussed. Finally, the development of Quantum Quantum Quantum Computing is discussed.