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在西方哲学史上,主体概念的演变经历了一个漫长的历史过程。近现代哲学即奠基于主客二分这一逻辑预设。为了消除主客二分导致的主客对立,黑格尔提出了“实体即主体”的观念。但是黑格尔的“主体”与近现代主体性哲学意义上的“主体”有很大的差别。从一定意义上讲,黑格尔的主体概念具有去主体化的倾向。这一倾向也影响到马克思主体思想的建构。
In the history of western philosophy, the evolution of the concept of subject has undergone a long historical process. Modern philosophy is based on the dichotomy between subject and object. In order to eliminate the opposition between subject and object caused by the dichotomy between subject and object, Hegel proposed the notion of “entity or subject”. However, there is a great difference between Hegel’s “subject ” and “subject ” in the modern subjective philosophical sense. In a certain sense, Hegel’s concept of subject has the tendency to be subjectified. This tendency also affects the construction of Marx’s main idea.