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用等位基因酶的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,研究了大连沿岸不同生态环境条件下的大李家湾低排筏、大李家湾高排筏、凌水桥、棋盘磨4个海湾扇贝养殖群体的遗传多样性.在4个群体的7种等位基因酶和闭壳肌蛋白中均检测到了22个基因位点,各群体的多态位点比例分别为22.73％,22.73％,22.73％,18.18％（P≤0.95）和27.27％,27.27％,31.82％,36.36％（P≤0.99）;杂合度观测值分别为0.064,0.071,0.075,0.069;Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离指数分别为-0.068,-0.020,-0.032,-0.050;近交系数分别为0.568,0.565,0.487,0.550;位点等位基因有效数分别为1.102,1.109,1.143,1.122;遗传变异综合评价指数分别为0.0060,0.0071,0.0088,0.0073.海湾扇贝养殖群体遗传多样性总体水平较低,但在这4个群体中,凌水桥群体的遗传多样性水平最高,大李家湾高排筏和棋盘磨群体的遗传多样性水平较高,大李家湾低排筏群体遗传多样性水平最低.
Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of allelic enzymes, the genetic characteristics of four Gulf scallop breeding populations under different ecological environments along the Dalian coast were studied, such as Da Li Jia Wan Low Rowing, Da Li Jia Wan High Rowing, Ling Shui Qiao, and Chebi Plate Mill 22 gene loci were detected in 7 alleles and 4 proteins in 4 populations, and the percentage of polymorphic loci in each population was 22.73%, 22.73%, 22.73%, 18.18% (P≤0.95) and 27.27%, 27.27%, 31.82% and 36.36% respectively (P≤0.99). The observed heterozygosities were 0.064, 0.071, 0.075 and 0.069, respectively. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium deviations were -0.068 and -0.020 , -0.032, -0.050, respectively; the inbred coefficients were 0.568,0.565,0.487,0.550 respectively; the effective number of alleles at the locus was 1.102,1.109,1.143,1.122 respectively; the comprehensive evaluation index of genetic variation were 0.0060,0.0071,0.0088, 0.0073. The overall genetic diversity of the scallop culture population was low, but the genetic diversity of Lingshuiqiao population was the highest among the four populations, while the genetic diversity of the large-raft and checkerboard population of the Greater Lijia Bay was high Lijiawan low-raft population genetic diversity lowest level.