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选用5个粳稻品种,通过田间和盆栽试验,分析水稻籽粒中硝态氮和铵态氮含量的品种间差异和籽粒中分布特点、灌浆过程中积累动态变化及其与施氮量和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性间的关系。结果表明,精米中硝态氮和铵态氮含量品种间有显著差异,铵态氮含量高于硝态氮;硝态氮和铵态氮主要分布在籽粒的米糠层里,在籽粒中呈由外到内逐渐降低的变化趋势;随着施氮量的增加,精米中硝态氮和铵态氮含量都大幅度增加,增幅高达114.1%~203.0%,但增加的幅度因品种不同而异;随灌浆进程的推进,籽粒硝态氮含量逐渐增多直至成熟,但硝态氮的日积累量和铵态氮含量随灌浆进程逐渐上升,达到峰值后又逐渐下降,呈单峰曲线变化,抽穗后25 d达到峰值,硝态氮含量高的品种日积累量显著大于含量低的品种,铵态氮含量高的品种灌浆前期积累量少于含量低的品种,而灌浆后期的积累量高于含量低的品种;籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶活性与硝态氮和铵态氮含量及硝态氮日积累量间均呈显著或极显著正相关。
Five japonica cultivars were selected to analyze the differences in the distribution of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in rice grain and the distribution characteristics of grain in paddy field through field and pot experiments. Relationship between synthetase activity. The results showed that there was a significant difference between nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in polished rice, ammonium nitrogen content was higher than nitrate nitrogen; nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were mainly distributed in the rice bran layer, While the contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in rice increased by 114.1% ~ 203.0% with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but the increasing range varied with different varieties. With the progress of grain filling, the nitrate content increased gradually and reached maturity. However, the daily accumulation amount of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content increased gradually with the grain filling process and reached the peak value and then decreased gradually with single peak curve. After heading The peak of accumulation was observed on the 25th day. The daily accumulation of varieties with high nitrate nitrogen content was significantly greater than that of low content varieties. The accumulation of early ammonium nitrogen was less than that of low content varieties, while the latter was higher than the latter The grain glutamine synthetase activity showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and the daily accumulation of nitrate nitrogen.