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目的研究农民蔬菜水果的摄入,减少钠盐食用等营养干预对降低心血管疾病的风险和预防心血管疾病的发生和发展的意义。方法在天津农村社区选取18～65岁的农民1106人作为研究对象,其中干预组为549人,对照组为557人,干预前后进行入户问卷调查、膳食调查、体格检查和生化检测。采用讲座、多种形式在农民中开展营养干预,干预期一年。结果干预组蔬菜水果摄入量每人每日由205.94±108.91g显著上升到250.51±113.36 g,钠盐摄入由9.69±4.69 g明显减少至7.94±2.61 g,血压下降2mmHg;血中叶酸浓度上升1.7 ng/ml,同型半胱氨酸下降7μmol/L;尿钠减少12 mmol/L;尿钾增加16 mmol/L。结论开展针对性的营养宣教可以预防和控制心血管疾病。因此,应广泛开展健康教育、倡导健康生活方式,特别是在医疗资源相对匮乏的农村开展。尽快转向预防为主的医学模式,降低慢性疾病负担。
Objective To study the effects of nutrition intervention such as dietary intake of fruits and vegetables on reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and preventing the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Methods A total of 1106 peasants from 18 to 65 years old were selected as research subjects in rural community of Tianjin. Among them, 549 were intervention group and 557 were control group. Household questionnaire survey, dietary survey, physical examination and biochemical test were conducted before and after intervention. Using lectures and various forms of nutrition intervention among farmers, the intervention period is one year. Results In the intervention group, the daily intake of fruits and vegetables significantly increased from 205.94 ± 108.91g to 250.51 ± 113.36g, the sodium intake decreased significantly from 9.69 ± 4.69g to 7.94 ± 2.61g, and the blood pressure decreased by 2mmHg. The blood folic acid concentration Increased 1.7 ng / ml, decreased homocysteine 7 μmol / L; reduced sodium 12 mmol / L; urinary potassium increased 16 mmol / L. Conclusion Carrying out targeted nutrition education can prevent and control cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, health education should be widely conducted and a healthy lifestyle should be advocated, especially in rural areas where medical resources are scarce. As soon as possible to prevent the medical model, reduce the burden of chronic diseases.