所谓“社会转型” ,是指社会从农业的、乡村的、封闭半封闭的传统社会向工业的、城镇的、开放的现代型社会转变 ① 。美国是最早实现社会转型的国家之一 ,1 9世纪末 2 0世纪初美国基本实现了从传统农业国向工业国的社会转型。本文试图从现代化以及发展研究的新视角 ,对这一时期 The so-called “social transformation” refers to the transformation of society from an agricultural, rural, closed and semi-closed traditional society to an industrial, urban and open modern society. The United States was one of the earliest countries to achieve social transformation. At the turn of the 20th century, the United States basically realized the social transformation from the traditional agricultural country to the industrialized country in the late 19th century. This article attempts from a new perspective of modernization and development research on this period