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【摘要】语音、词汇、语法是学习英语的三大要素,从高中英语语法教学来看,一直存在一些问题。基于此,本文分析了语法教学的特点,并以此为基础,探讨情景教学法在高中英语语法教学中的具体应用方式。
【关键词】情景教学法;高中英语;语法教学;实践;探索
【作者简介】孙凌宇(1981.7.12- ),女,上海人,上海市同济大学第一附属中学,硕士,中教一级,研究方向:高中英语教学。
情景教学法有着悠久的历史,诞生于上世纪20年代,相较于传统教学法,情景教学法强调为学生的英语学习创设情景、搭建支架,让学生能够在特定的情景中吸收、内化知识,让英语知识的掌握变得更加牢固,从短期记忆转化为长期记忆。研究显示,情景教学法的应用可以显著提高学生的主观能动性和课堂参与度,有助于帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯,提高他们的综合能力与学习成绩,打造出高效的教学课堂。
一、精心预设内容,选择教学重点
英语语法的教学内容具有可调节性的特征,在授课时,要灵活增减,有效激活教材中的语法知识,在重点与难点把控上,要以学生实际作为出发点,精心预设语法教学内容,让枯燥语法知识不再乏味,学生愿意饶有兴趣的参与进来,只有这样,才能让语法教学做到游刃有余,提高学生的学习质量。
案例1:Read a dialogue
在牛津教材高二上Unit4语法教学部分其中一个课时中,笔者将“Only引导的部分倒装句”作为教学重点和难点。这个知识点对于学生而言,属于全新的语法结构,难度较高,为此,在教学时,我先利用Sam与Pauline之间的对话分析了空气污染的问题与原因,将语法知识放置在特定的语境中,让学生自己来感知。
Sam: Morning, Pauline. Do you get cold? You’re wearing a mask today.
Pauline: (Smile). No, it’s foggy outside and the mask is for protection against the fog.
Sam: Do you think it’ll work?
Pauline: Sure, only in this way will I feel safer enough.
Sam: I hear our government has put a lot of efforts into air pollution control and so far much process has been made.
Pauline: You’re right, but that’s far from enough. Many small enterprises are out of control and they are still making our air dirty. Only when all the enterprises become environmentally responsible can we see our clear blue sky again.
Sam: I totally agree with you there. Besides, the soaring number of cars is also the major contributing factor leading to air pollution, due to the heavy carbon emission from the cars.
Pauline: Exactly. I hope more green electric cars can be put into market as soon as possible. Only then can the air quality be improved. But before that, I do recommend you have a 3M mask like mine.
Sam: OK. I’ll follow you.
随后,我用PPT播放了关于空气污染的治理措施,引导学生思考和讨论,鼓励他们提出自己的建议,并用only倒装句来表达出来,在应用的过程中做到理解和应用。通过这个步骤,学生明白了,在“Only 副词/介词短语/状语从句”结构置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装, 部分倒装的方式是提前部分 助动词/be动词/情态动词 主语。
二、突出生活特征,促使学生主动融入
“生活是取之不尽、用之不竭的语言源泉”,如果教师能够在生活中挖掘出适宜的语法情景,便能够让学生踊跃参与到语言的运用中。同时,为了让语法教学活动变得趣味、生动,在情景的创设上,要突出生活性的特征,以学生的生活实际来出发,找到最近发展区,让学生在生活化的情景中开展语言实践活动,达到巩固语法知识的目的。实践证实,对于自己听闻、参与过的事物,学生往往都具有浓厚的兴趣,这比起所谓高大上的情景,教学成效更为理想。
依然以“Only引导的部分倒裝句”知识点的讲解为例,在学生理解基本的知识点后,我为他们进一步创设了“保护视力”的情景,这个情景是学生日常生活中非常熟悉的话题,通过图片的帮助,大家互相分享视力保护小技巧,巩固Only引导部分倒装句的把握与应用。
案例2:Decipher the pictures
【学习目标】
Students are free to use any of the 3 basic “only” structures to make sentences by reading the given pictures shown to make good habits of eyes hygiene. 【活动步骤】
Step 1 : The teacher shows one picture of a boy and explains how diligent he is and how less attention is paid to his own eyes, so he is heavily short-sighted now and it’s quite inconvenient to have such a pair of glasses on.
Step 2: Students are shown 4 pictures to help the boy improve his awareness of eyes health.
Step 3: Students are asked to use either of the 3 basic “only” structures to make a sentence accordingly.
Step 4: The teacher make a simple sample sentence for the students as a reference.
Only by seeing in the distance at intervals can the boy’s eyes rest for a while, so that he cannot overuse his eyes.
Possible answers:
1. We should exercise our eyes attentively at school. Only in this way can we ensure enough rest for our eyes.
2. Only by staying away from the cellphone can we put our eyes health into the first place.
3. Running makes a good habit but it takes time and efforts. We should persist and never give up. Only then can we be rewarded with good healthy body, including our eyes.
(if possible, the students can make more suggestions)
三、创设讨论情景,强化学习互动
“教学过程是师生交往、共同发展的相互过程,教师应引导学生在体验、实践、参与、探究、合作中掌握语言知识与技能,形成自主学习的能力和有效的学习策略”。小组学习活动的开展适应了社会的发展需求,为学生提供了平等的交流情景,学生可以怀着一颗包容、开放、理解的心,渐渐走在一起,相互学习、互帮互助、共同发展。为了发挥出讨论情景在教学中的作用,作为教师,要从分组、教学方法制定、教学内容选择、教学评估等多个方面着手,关注学生的需求和兴趣,从多个角度优化小组学习的质量。在小组活动的开展过程中,教师不能放任自流,而是要发挥出调节者、监控者的角色,通过参与讨论、巡视合作、观察活动的方式来进行有效管理。在小组活动中,学生往往会出现一些错误理解,教师要用心聆听,帮助他们纠正错误,避免无效讨论。
案例3:Make a dialogue
【学习目标】
Students are expected to make a diaolgue freely by using the 3 above key words and applying the 3 basic “only” structure in the dialogue.
【活动步骤】
Step 1: The teacher shows students a number of keywords that belong to a perfect character. They are : self-confident, persistant, warm-hearted, serious, organized and ballanced.
Step 2: The teacher asks the students to single out any 3 key words from above and make a short dialoque. The teacher may hint the students to use any property of the given word, such as self-confidence, seriously, etc.
Step 3:The teacher demonstrates with examples.
A: Hi, . Haven’t seen you for a while. What’s been up with you recently?
B:Well, I’ve been studying the perfect character, which can lead to a successful life.
A: I’m listening.
B: Some experts say only when you are very confident can you be more willing to face more tough challenges and thus become more successful.
A: I beg to differ. My option is that only by doing everything seriously can you see more details, which is one of the most important factors in success.
B: In fact, I think success relies on balancing myself. Only in this way can you feel satisfied in every aspect.
A: Well, I think we have to agree to disagree.
Step 4:?The teacher groups the students, then asks them to work in groups and make a dialogue accordingly.
Step 5:?The teacher asks several groups to present their dialogue.
四、結语
在高中英语教学中,语法占据着至关重要的作用,需要予以高度重视。本文提出的情景教学法,为高中英语语法教学活动的开展提供了一些思路,当然,情景的设计还有多种方式,在日常教学中,我们要潜心研究,为学生提供展示自我的空间,让语法教学做到寓教于乐。
参考文献:
[1]徐士伟.情境教学法在职高英语教学中的应用——以《英语(基础模块)》第一册为例[J].品牌(下半月),2015(05).
[2]席玮,传奇.全语言教学法在高中英语课堂教学中的应用——兼谈《高中英语》必修2 Unit 4 Lesson4的课堂设计[J].传记文学选刊(教学研究),2013(04).
[3]李海.基于任务型语言教学的新课标高中英语语法PWP教学模式的构建[J].英语教师,2012(07).
【关键词】情景教学法;高中英语;语法教学;实践;探索
【作者简介】孙凌宇(1981.7.12- ),女,上海人,上海市同济大学第一附属中学,硕士,中教一级,研究方向:高中英语教学。
情景教学法有着悠久的历史,诞生于上世纪20年代,相较于传统教学法,情景教学法强调为学生的英语学习创设情景、搭建支架,让学生能够在特定的情景中吸收、内化知识,让英语知识的掌握变得更加牢固,从短期记忆转化为长期记忆。研究显示,情景教学法的应用可以显著提高学生的主观能动性和课堂参与度,有助于帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯,提高他们的综合能力与学习成绩,打造出高效的教学课堂。
一、精心预设内容,选择教学重点
英语语法的教学内容具有可调节性的特征,在授课时,要灵活增减,有效激活教材中的语法知识,在重点与难点把控上,要以学生实际作为出发点,精心预设语法教学内容,让枯燥语法知识不再乏味,学生愿意饶有兴趣的参与进来,只有这样,才能让语法教学做到游刃有余,提高学生的学习质量。
案例1:Read a dialogue
在牛津教材高二上Unit4语法教学部分其中一个课时中,笔者将“Only引导的部分倒装句”作为教学重点和难点。这个知识点对于学生而言,属于全新的语法结构,难度较高,为此,在教学时,我先利用Sam与Pauline之间的对话分析了空气污染的问题与原因,将语法知识放置在特定的语境中,让学生自己来感知。
Sam: Morning, Pauline. Do you get cold? You’re wearing a mask today.
Pauline: (Smile). No, it’s foggy outside and the mask is for protection against the fog.
Sam: Do you think it’ll work?
Pauline: Sure, only in this way will I feel safer enough.
Sam: I hear our government has put a lot of efforts into air pollution control and so far much process has been made.
Pauline: You’re right, but that’s far from enough. Many small enterprises are out of control and they are still making our air dirty. Only when all the enterprises become environmentally responsible can we see our clear blue sky again.
Sam: I totally agree with you there. Besides, the soaring number of cars is also the major contributing factor leading to air pollution, due to the heavy carbon emission from the cars.
Pauline: Exactly. I hope more green electric cars can be put into market as soon as possible. Only then can the air quality be improved. But before that, I do recommend you have a 3M mask like mine.
Sam: OK. I’ll follow you.
随后,我用PPT播放了关于空气污染的治理措施,引导学生思考和讨论,鼓励他们提出自己的建议,并用only倒装句来表达出来,在应用的过程中做到理解和应用。通过这个步骤,学生明白了,在“Only 副词/介词短语/状语从句”结构置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装, 部分倒装的方式是提前部分 助动词/be动词/情态动词 主语。
二、突出生活特征,促使学生主动融入
“生活是取之不尽、用之不竭的语言源泉”,如果教师能够在生活中挖掘出适宜的语法情景,便能够让学生踊跃参与到语言的运用中。同时,为了让语法教学活动变得趣味、生动,在情景的创设上,要突出生活性的特征,以学生的生活实际来出发,找到最近发展区,让学生在生活化的情景中开展语言实践活动,达到巩固语法知识的目的。实践证实,对于自己听闻、参与过的事物,学生往往都具有浓厚的兴趣,这比起所谓高大上的情景,教学成效更为理想。
依然以“Only引导的部分倒裝句”知识点的讲解为例,在学生理解基本的知识点后,我为他们进一步创设了“保护视力”的情景,这个情景是学生日常生活中非常熟悉的话题,通过图片的帮助,大家互相分享视力保护小技巧,巩固Only引导部分倒装句的把握与应用。
案例2:Decipher the pictures
【学习目标】
Students are free to use any of the 3 basic “only” structures to make sentences by reading the given pictures shown to make good habits of eyes hygiene. 【活动步骤】
Step 1 : The teacher shows one picture of a boy and explains how diligent he is and how less attention is paid to his own eyes, so he is heavily short-sighted now and it’s quite inconvenient to have such a pair of glasses on.
Step 2: Students are shown 4 pictures to help the boy improve his awareness of eyes health.
Step 3: Students are asked to use either of the 3 basic “only” structures to make a sentence accordingly.
Step 4: The teacher make a simple sample sentence for the students as a reference.
Only by seeing in the distance at intervals can the boy’s eyes rest for a while, so that he cannot overuse his eyes.
Possible answers:
1. We should exercise our eyes attentively at school. Only in this way can we ensure enough rest for our eyes.
2. Only by staying away from the cellphone can we put our eyes health into the first place.
3. Running makes a good habit but it takes time and efforts. We should persist and never give up. Only then can we be rewarded with good healthy body, including our eyes.
(if possible, the students can make more suggestions)
三、创设讨论情景,强化学习互动
“教学过程是师生交往、共同发展的相互过程,教师应引导学生在体验、实践、参与、探究、合作中掌握语言知识与技能,形成自主学习的能力和有效的学习策略”。小组学习活动的开展适应了社会的发展需求,为学生提供了平等的交流情景,学生可以怀着一颗包容、开放、理解的心,渐渐走在一起,相互学习、互帮互助、共同发展。为了发挥出讨论情景在教学中的作用,作为教师,要从分组、教学方法制定、教学内容选择、教学评估等多个方面着手,关注学生的需求和兴趣,从多个角度优化小组学习的质量。在小组活动的开展过程中,教师不能放任自流,而是要发挥出调节者、监控者的角色,通过参与讨论、巡视合作、观察活动的方式来进行有效管理。在小组活动中,学生往往会出现一些错误理解,教师要用心聆听,帮助他们纠正错误,避免无效讨论。
案例3:Make a dialogue
【学习目标】
Students are expected to make a diaolgue freely by using the 3 above key words and applying the 3 basic “only” structure in the dialogue.
【活动步骤】
Step 1: The teacher shows students a number of keywords that belong to a perfect character. They are : self-confident, persistant, warm-hearted, serious, organized and ballanced.
Step 2: The teacher asks the students to single out any 3 key words from above and make a short dialoque. The teacher may hint the students to use any property of the given word, such as self-confidence, seriously, etc.
Step 3:The teacher demonstrates with examples.
A: Hi, . Haven’t seen you for a while. What’s been up with you recently?
B:Well, I’ve been studying the perfect character, which can lead to a successful life.
A: I’m listening.
B: Some experts say only when you are very confident can you be more willing to face more tough challenges and thus become more successful.
A: I beg to differ. My option is that only by doing everything seriously can you see more details, which is one of the most important factors in success.
B: In fact, I think success relies on balancing myself. Only in this way can you feel satisfied in every aspect.
A: Well, I think we have to agree to disagree.
Step 4:?The teacher groups the students, then asks them to work in groups and make a dialogue accordingly.
Step 5:?The teacher asks several groups to present their dialogue.
四、結语
在高中英语教学中,语法占据着至关重要的作用,需要予以高度重视。本文提出的情景教学法,为高中英语语法教学活动的开展提供了一些思路,当然,情景的设计还有多种方式,在日常教学中,我们要潜心研究,为学生提供展示自我的空间,让语法教学做到寓教于乐。
参考文献:
[1]徐士伟.情境教学法在职高英语教学中的应用——以《英语(基础模块)》第一册为例[J].品牌(下半月),2015(05).
[2]席玮,传奇.全语言教学法在高中英语课堂教学中的应用——兼谈《高中英语》必修2 Unit 4 Lesson4的课堂设计[J].传记文学选刊(教学研究),2013(04).
[3]李海.基于任务型语言教学的新课标高中英语语法PWP教学模式的构建[J].英语教师,2012(07).