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目的了解中国6省市儿童青少年代谢综合征(MS)流行现状及其与进食速度的关系,为儿童青少年代谢性疾病防控策略和干预措施的制定提供科学依据。方法对分层整群抽取的我国12 958名儿童青少年进行问卷调查、体格检查和血生化检测。描述儿童青少年MS、进食速度的分布特征,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析进食速度与MS的关系。结果我国六省市7~17岁儿童青少年MS检出率为4.2%,男生高于女生(χ~2=13.65,P<0.05);随着年龄段增加,检出率呈升高趋势(χ~2=31.26,P<0.05)。中心性肥胖是检出率最高的代谢异常组分(22.7%)。男、女生除血糖外的代谢指标均随着进食速度从慢到快呈现趋势变化,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,进食速度与儿童青少年MS及代谢异常组分发生存在关联性,中心性肥胖与进食速度关联性最强。男、女生进食速度慢是MS的保护因素(男生OR=0.311,95%CI=0.199~0.487;女生OR=0.497,95%CI=0.304~0.814)。男生进食速度慢是中心性肥胖、高血压、高三酰甘油血症、脂代谢异常的保护因素,而女生进食速度慢是中心性肥胖、高三酰甘油血症、脂代谢异常的保护因素(P值均<0.05);进一步调整BMI后关联性均消失。结论进食速度慢是儿童青少年MS及一些代谢异常组分发生的保护因素。在加强饮食干预时要注意儿童青少年进食方式习惯的养成。
Objective To understand the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among children and adolescents in 6 provinces in China and its relationship with eating rate, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies and interventions for metabolic diseases in children and adolescents. Methods A total of 12 958 children and adolescents in our country were surveyed by questionnaires, physical examinations and blood biochemical tests. Describe the characteristics of children and adolescents MS, eating speed distribution, using multivariate Logistic regression model analysis of the relationship between eating speed and MS. Results The detection rate of MS in adolescents aged 7 ~ 17 in six provinces of China was 4.2%, higher than that of boys (χ ~ 2 = 13.65, P <0.05). With the increase of age, the detection rate was higher (χ ~ 2 = 31.26, P <0.05). Central obesity is the most detectable metabolic abnormal component (22.7%). The metabolic indexes of both male and female except blood sugar showed a trend change from slow to fast, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a correlation between eating rate and MS and metabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents, and the correlation between eating rate and central obesity was the strongest. Male and female eating slowly is the protective factor of MS (male OR = 0.311, 95% CI = 0.199 ~ 0.487; female OR = 0.497, 95% CI = 0.304 ~ 0.814). The slow eating rate of boys is a protective factor of central obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and abnormal lipid metabolism, and the slow eating rate of girls is a protective factor of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and abnormal lipid metabolism (P value All <0.05). The relevance disappeared after further adjustment of BMI. Conclusion Slow eating is a protective factor for MS and some metabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents. In strengthening diet intervention should pay attention to the development of children and adolescents eating habits.