一、技术进步、制度创新与公共品市场供给:理论分析框架(一)市场供给公共品的特征:可排他。尽管公共品的基本属性是消费的非竞争性和非排他性,但这不意味着所有公共品都具有相同程度的非排他性质,也不意味着公共品一定不可以排他。实际上,排他的实质是一个成本问题而不是一个逻辑问题,其可行或者不可行依赖于执行成本的 First, technological progress, institutional innovation and supply of public goods market: theoretical analysis framework (A) the characteristics of market supply of public goods: exclusive. Although the basic attribute of public goods is non-competitive and non-exclusive consumption, this does not mean that all public goods have the same degree of non-exclusive nature, nor does it mean that public goods must not be exclusive. In fact, the essence of exclusion is a cost rather than a logical one, which is feasible or impractical depending on the cost of implementation