在瘟疫肆虐之时,马丁·路德等人的救灾活动,从一个侧面反映出宗教改革与近代医学发展之间的联系。从公职人员逃离职守到积极投入抗灾救灾,从祈祷免祸到医药治疗,从医治患者到筹建近代医疗、医学体制,马丁·路德的宗教改革运动起到了非常重要的推动作用。关键时刻公职人员应持何种态度,在迷信与科学、愚昧与理性之间取何种立场,在专业分工和公共利益之间如何根据情况发挥积极作用,这些都是关系到国计民生的重大问题。在评价宗教改革时,有必要澄清仅仅把宗教改革视为宗教变革的观念,进而为反思欧洲近代体制的源头、近代医学的崛起,提供一个新的视角。 At the time of plague raging, the relief activities of Martin Luther and others reflected, on one side, the links between religious reform and the development of modern medicine. It has played a very important role in promoting the modern medical care, medical system and Martin Luther’s religious reform movement, from evasion of public officials to active engagement in disaster relief and relief from disaster to palliative care. What attitude should public officials take at the crucial juncture, and what position should we take between superstition and science, ignorance and reason, and how we should play an active role depending on the situation between the professional division of labor and the public interest? All these are major issues concerning the national economy and the people’s livelihood. In the process of evaluating religious reform, it is necessary to clarify the concept that religious reform should be regarded only as religious transformation, so as to provide a new perspective for reconsidering the source of modern European system and the rise of modern medicine.