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为了获得磷高效芝麻种质的形态鉴定指标,并筛选出耐低磷能力强的芝麻种质,以筛选的19个芝麻品种为材料,利用大田长期施肥形成的土壤低磷水平和正常磷水平筛选苗期和成熟期耐低磷能力鉴定指标,并对不同品种的耐低磷能力进行综合评价。结果表明:低磷胁迫对各芝麻品种苗期和成熟期的主要农艺性状均有影响,但不同品种同一性状对低磷的响应存在较大的差异。根据各指标低磷处理相对值变异系数的大小,筛选出根直径、根系总长、主根长、根尖数、根体积、地下部鲜质量和地上部鲜质量7个指标的低磷处理相对值作为芝麻种质苗期耐低磷能力评价的形态指标;而主根长、须根数、单株籽粒质量、主根干质量、荚皮干质量、单株蒴果数、地下部干质量、根冠比8个指标的低磷处理相对值可以作为成熟期芝麻种质耐低磷能力的筛选指标。分别以13个苗期指标和16个成熟期指标归一化的变异系数计算各性状的权重,并以权重为基础,利用模糊隶属函数对各芝麻品种的耐低磷能力进行综合评价,结果表明,新县黑芝麻和波阳黑在苗期和成熟期均具有较强的耐低磷能力;鄂芝1号、河北八大杈、小伏芝麻和安乐芝麻仅在苗期具有较强的耐低磷能力;裂口黄、豫芝11号、驻芝10号和日本7400仅在成熟期具有较强的耐低磷能力。
In order to obtain morphological identification index of high efficient sesame germplasm and screened sesame germplasm with high tolerance to low phosphorus, the screening of 19 sesame cultivars was used to screen the low phosphorus and normal phosphorus of soil formed by long-term fertilization Seedling and maturity of low phosphorus tolerance identification indicators, and different varieties of low phosphorus tolerance comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that low-phosphorus stress affected the main agronomic traits of sesame cultivars at seedling stage and maturity stage. However, the response of the same traits to low-phosphorus cultivars varied greatly. According to the relative coefficient of variation of low-phosphorus treatment index, the relative values of seven indicators, root diameter, total root length, root length, root number, root volume, fresh weight of fresh parts and fresh weight of shoots, Sesame seed germplasm tolerance to low phosphorus tolerance of the morphological indicators; and the main root length, number of fibrous roots, grain quality per plant, main root dry weight, dry weight of pods, per plant number of capsules, dry weight of roots, root and shoot ratio of 8 The relative value of the index of low-phosphorus treatment can be used as a screening index of the ability of maturity sesame to tolerate low phosphorus. The weight of each trait was calculated by the normalized coefficient of variation of 13 seedling stage indexes and 16 mature stage indexes respectively. Based on the weight, the fuzzy membership function was used to evaluate the low phosphorus tolerance of each sesame variety. The results showed that , Xinxian black sesame seeds and Bo Yang black seedling and maturity have strong tolerance to low phosphorus; Ezhi No. 1, Hebei Baibu, Xiaoyu sesame and Amway sesame seedling only has strong resistance to low Phosphorus ability; Rift Yellow, Yuzhi No. 11, No. 10 in Chicago and No. 7400 in Japan only have strong tolerance to low phosphorus at maturity.