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现在完成时是中考必考的知识点,且在中考中占分比例相当大,但在实际教学中,有相当一部分同学对此处于一知半解状态,中考得分不甚乐观。鉴于这种情形,我将自己在二十多年教学探索过程中关于现在完成时的教学体会归纳如下:
现在完成时的用法分三种情况,其句子结构为“助动词have(has)+过去分词”。
用法一
过去发生了的动作对现在仍有影响,往往具有因果关系。句中没有过去的具体时间,句末带有up to now、so far、before、this morning、today、these days等与现在有关的时间状语;句中在助动词与过去分词之间有的带有副词just、ever、never、already (已经;肯定句中)、yet (还,已经;否定句、问句中)等等。例:
I have just done my homework.
He has never read the book.
We have already seen the film.
Have you finished your work yet?
用法二
1、某人去了某地,还没有回来,用句式“sb have(has)gone to 某地”。例:
His father has gone to ShangHai.
The boys have gone there.
2、某人去某地已回来了,用句式“sb have(has)been to 某地”。例:
My mother has been to Beijing twice.
They have been home.
3、某人去做某事了还没有回来,用句式“sb have(has)gone to do sth”。例:
They have gone to plant trees.
用法三
表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态。句中往往带有for+段时间(如for a day),since+过去的时间(如since last week),since+點时间(如since six o抍lock),since+月、日、年(如since May 1st 1989),since+段时间ago(如since two weeks ago),since+一个一般过去时的从句,in the past 或last+段时间(如 in the past four years),during the past或last+段时间(如during the last a few months )等等。
1、在这种情况下,当句中的动词是延续性动词时,直接写出这个现在完成时的句子。例:
I have taught English here for two years.
The man in red has lived there since he came here
2、在这种情况下,当句中的动词是buy(短暂)/have(延续),close/closed,open/be open,die/be dead,borrow/keep,finish/be over,begin/be on,leave/be away,join the club/be a member of the club或be in the club,come to或go to或get to或arrive in(at)某地/be in(at)某地等等时,使用现在完成时。例:
His dog has been dead for two days.
How long have lily kept the book?
I have been in the city since last month.
以上是我在这些年教学过程中对现在完成时的点点积累,在实际应用中收效很好,学生得分率特高。杜绝了学生对此一知半解的倾向,使学生对初中阶段最难的知识点有了系统、完整的了解,达到了事半功倍的效果。
现在完成时的用法分三种情况,其句子结构为“助动词have(has)+过去分词”。
用法一
过去发生了的动作对现在仍有影响,往往具有因果关系。句中没有过去的具体时间,句末带有up to now、so far、before、this morning、today、these days等与现在有关的时间状语;句中在助动词与过去分词之间有的带有副词just、ever、never、already (已经;肯定句中)、yet (还,已经;否定句、问句中)等等。例:
I have just done my homework.
He has never read the book.
We have already seen the film.
Have you finished your work yet?
用法二
1、某人去了某地,还没有回来,用句式“sb have(has)gone to 某地”。例:
His father has gone to ShangHai.
The boys have gone there.
2、某人去某地已回来了,用句式“sb have(has)been to 某地”。例:
My mother has been to Beijing twice.
They have been home.
3、某人去做某事了还没有回来,用句式“sb have(has)gone to do sth”。例:
They have gone to plant trees.
用法三
表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态。句中往往带有for+段时间(如for a day),since+过去的时间(如since last week),since+點时间(如since six o抍lock),since+月、日、年(如since May 1st 1989),since+段时间ago(如since two weeks ago),since+一个一般过去时的从句,in the past 或last+段时间(如 in the past four years),during the past或last+段时间(如during the last a few months )等等。
1、在这种情况下,当句中的动词是延续性动词时,直接写出这个现在完成时的句子。例:
I have taught English here for two years.
The man in red has lived there since he came here
2、在这种情况下,当句中的动词是buy(短暂)/have(延续),close/closed,open/be open,die/be dead,borrow/keep,finish/be over,begin/be on,leave/be away,join the club/be a member of the club或be in the club,come to或go to或get to或arrive in(at)某地/be in(at)某地等等时,使用现在完成时。例:
His dog has been dead for two days.
How long have lily kept the book?
I have been in the city since last month.
以上是我在这些年教学过程中对现在完成时的点点积累,在实际应用中收效很好,学生得分率特高。杜绝了学生对此一知半解的倾向,使学生对初中阶段最难的知识点有了系统、完整的了解,达到了事半功倍的效果。