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在过去10年中,国际海运煤炭市场发展迅速。目前,海运动力煤贸易已经形成了亚太和大西洋两个相对独立的垄断竞争市场;而海运冶金煤则形成了全球统一的寡头市场。金融危机之后,受到柴油价格、工资、汇率等因素影响,各主要煤炭出口国的离岸成本均出现了较为明显的上升。目前在全球范围内,海运煤炭出口能力的利用率保持在较为健康的水平,但在中期之内,港
In the past 10 years, the international seaborne coal market has developed rapidly. At present, the seaborne thermal coal trade has formed two relatively independent monopolistic competition markets in the Asia-Pacific and the Atlantic; while marine metallurgical coal has formed a globally unified oligopoly market. After the financial crisis, due to the influence of diesel prices, wages, exchange rates and other factors, the offshore costs of major coal exporting countries all showed a more obvious rise. At present, the utilization rate of seaborne coal export capacity in the world is maintained at a relatively healthy level. However, in the medium term, Hong Kong