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多发性硬化是中枢神经系统的一种慢性炎症性脱髓鞘疾病，主要涉及免疫系统与神经细胞之间的复杂反应。主要组织相容性复合物Ⅱ(major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ，MHCⅡ)是固有免疫与适应性免疫的桥梁，主要表达在专职抗原提呈细胞表面，其异常表达与器官移植、免疫耐受、自身免疫性疾病、免疫缺陷等密切相关。近年来越来越多的研究表明MHCⅡ分子在多发性硬化等自身免疫病中发挥关键作用，但具体机制尚不明确，以下将主要综述表达MHCⅡ的抗原提呈细胞(巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、B细胞)在多发性硬化中的研究进展。“,”Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, mainly involving complex interactions between the immune system and nerve cells.Major histocompatibility complerⅡ(MHCⅡ) molecules mainly expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells, as a bridge between natural immunity and adaptive immunity.Their abnormal expression is closely related to organ transplantation, immune tolerance, immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases, and so on.In recent years, increasing studies have shown that MHCⅡ molecules play a key role in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, but the specific mechanism remains unclear.Research progress of antigen presenting cells that express MHCⅡ molecules (macrophages, dendrites and B cells) in multiple sclerosis will be mainly discussed in this review.