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随着纤维内窥镜的发展,内窥镜的介入治疗逐渐增加,尤其是肝硬化食道胃底静脉曲张出血的内镜下治疗,近年来发展很快,现综述如下。一、经内镜注射硬化剂本疗法主要用于预防和治疗肝硬化门脉高压症食道胃底静脉曲张出血,疗效已被国内外学者普遍公认。其原理:在食道胃底静脉曲张后,食管粘膜萎缩,曲张静脉表面仅有菲薄的上皮覆盖,在血管内注射硬化剂后,使血管发生栓塞,在血管旁注射硬化剂,使血管周围纤维结缔组织增生,使曲张的静脉血管壁及周围组织增厚,从而减少或避免曲张静脉进一步发展和出血。本疗法的近期止血率为80～100％,复发出血率为9～36％。
With the development of fiber endoscopy, endoscopic interventional treatment gradually increased, especially in endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal varices bleeding in cirrhosis, the rapid development in recent years, are summarized below. First, the endoscopic injection of sclerotherapy The therapy is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis and portal hypertension varicose veins bleeding, efficacy has been generally recognized by scholars at home and abroad. The principle: esophageal varices, esophageal mucosa atrophy, varicose vein surface only meager epithelial coverage, after intravascular injection of sclerotherapy, the embolization of blood vessels, injection of sclerosants in the vicinity of blood vessels, so that the blood vessels around the fibrous connective Tissue hyperplasia, varicose vein wall and surrounding tissue thickening, thereby reducing or avoiding varicose vein further development and bleeding. The current treatment of hemostasis rate of 80 to 100%, the recurrence of hemorrhage rate of 9 to 36%.