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目的调查重庆西永微电园区电子企业作业人员职业紧张及压力现状,分析其相关影响因素,并探讨缓解紧张及压力的方法。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取西永微电园区电子企业419名作业人员进行职业紧张量表(OSI-R)调查。结果 OSI-R包括职业紧张任务(ORQ)、个体紧张反应(PSQ)和个体应对资源(PSQ)3个问卷。西永微电园区电子企业职工具有较高的职业紧张水平,ORQ(169.40±22.94)和PSQ(102.50±19.67)得分高于西南地区平均水平,PRQ(125.26±15.16)得分低于西南地区平均水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其重点影响因素为:性别、年龄、教育程度和接触多种职业病危害因素。PSQ与ORQ呈正相关,与PRQ呈负相关,ORQ较PRQ对PSQ的影响更大。影响PSQ的因素影响力从大到小排列为任务冲突(RB)、工作环境(PE)、责任感(R)、任务过重(RO)、任务不适(RI)、理性处事(RC)、任务模糊(RA)、娱乐休闲(RE)。结论职业紧张干预应优先考虑对ORQ的改善,尤其是RB。改善电子行业工作环境,加强从业人员的健康教育,提高应对资源能力,从而降低紧张反应。其干预的重点为<35岁的学历较低的男性和同时接触多种职业病危害因素的人群。
Objective To investigate the occupational stress and stress status of workers in electronic enterprises in Xiyong Microelectronics Park in Chongqing, analyze the related influencing factors and discuss ways to reduce tension and stress. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to extract OSI-R from 419 electricians in Xiyong Micro-electric Park. Results OSI-R included three questionnaires: Occupational Stress Task (ORQ), Individual Stress Response (PSQ) and Individual Response Resource (PSQ). The workers in electronic enterprises in Xiyong Microelectronics Park had a higher level of occupational stress. The scores of ORQ (169.40 ± 22.94) and PSQ (102.50 ± 19.67) were higher than those of Southwest China. The scores of PRQ (125.26 ± 15.16) were lower than the average level in Southwest China. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The key influencing factors are: gender, age, educational level and exposure to a variety of occupational hazards. PSQ was positively correlated with ORQ, negatively correlated with PRQ, and ORQ had a greater impact on PSQ than PRQ. The influences of influencing factors on PSQ were ranked as RB, PE, R, RI, R, RD (RA), recreation (RE). Conclusion Occupational stress intervention should give priority to the improvement of ORQ, especially RB. Improve the working environment in the electronics industry, strengthen the health education of practitioners, and improve the ability to deal with resources so as to reduce the tension. Its intervention focuses on men <35 years of age with lower education and people exposed to multiple occupational hazards.