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本研究从农民的视角出发,考察对农民而言,生活中哪些领域的认知和满意度对其总体满意度和幸福感的影响更为突出;考察当农民考虑、评判自身的主观生活质量时,他们会将目光聚焦在哪些方面,或是更为重视哪些方面。从湖北省W市M镇周边部分村庄的居民中抽取样本,调查其主观生活质量现状并采用因子分析法对数据进行分析。问卷数据的因子分析结果显示,农民的各领域满意度可以被归纳为安全因子、休闲因子、医疗因子、经济因子和服务因子,上述5个因子的累计方差贡献率为64.203%,保留了原始数据中较多的信息量,能对农民主观生活质量作出较好的估计。也就是说农民对安全、休闲、医疗、经济、公共服务等领域的认知和满意度对其总体满意度和幸福感有影响,且影响的程度依次递减。这一结论启示我们,随着农民物质生活条件的整体改善和农村现代化水平的提高,“三农”问题的重点已由“农民生存”转变为“农民生活”。农民生活态度的一系列变化要求我们在观察、分析和试图解决“三农”问题时,应当从农民的视角出发,关注农民需求的多元化与层次性,关注农民的社会生活在社会转型背景下发生的新变化,从而使“三农”改革措施更符合农民的实际需要,更能提升农民的幸福感。
From the perspective of peasants, this study examines which areas of life the cognition and satisfaction of peasants are more likely to affect their overall satisfaction and well-being. When peasants consider and judge their own subjective quality of life What they look at, or what they value. Samples were taken from residents in some villages around M Town in W City, Hubei Province to investigate the status quo of their subjective quality of life and use factor analysis to analyze the data. The result of questionnaire data shows that the satisfaction of farmers in all fields can be summarized as safety factor, leisure factor, medical factor, economic factor and service factor. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the above five factors is 64.203%, and the original data In the amount of information, can make a better estimate of the subjective quality of life of farmers. In other words, farmers’ awareness and satisfaction with safety, leisure, health care, economy and public service have an impact on their overall satisfaction and well-being, and the degree of their impact will decrease in turn. This conclusion shows that with the overall improvement of the material living conditions of peasants and the improvement of rural modernization, the focus of the “three rural issues” has been transformed from “peasant survival” to “peasant life.” A series of changes in the attitudes of peasants require us to observe, analyze and try to solve the “three rural issues.” We should pay attention to the diversification and hierarchy of farmers’ needs from the perspective of peasants, and pay attention to the social transformation of peasants in social transformation So that the “three rural” reform measures can better meet the actual needs of peasants and enhance the peasants’ sense of happiness.