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目的根据2008─2012年甘肃省陇南市各区县报告法定传染病的发病情况,分析传染病流行的特点及原因。方法收集法定甲、乙和丙类传染病的发病例数,计算发病率和构成比,并进行统计学分析。结果 2008─2012年陇南市共报告法定传染病23种60 830例,年均发病率460.50/10万;男性发病率明显高于女性,二者差异有统计学意义(χ2=3 086.29,P<0.001);无甲类传染病报告,乙类14种、丙类9种;发病排前五位的病种依次是乙型肝炎、肺结核、流行性腮腺炎、细菌性痢疾和手足口病,其中乙型肝炎和肺结核发病率最高,与其他传染病相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=30 792.75,P<0.001);近五年陇南市法定传染病共报告死亡66例,年均死亡率0.50/10万,其中结核病51例;0~9岁组发病率最高,20~29岁组以后的发病率随年龄升高而逐渐降低;陇南地区武都区法定传染病发病率最高。结论陇南市法定传染病的流行还较严重,尤其是乙型肝炎和肺结核,因此对法定传染病的监控和防治仍然十分重要。
Objective According to the reported incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in all districts and counties in Longnan City of Gansu Province from 2008 to 2012, the characteristics and causes of epidemic of infectious diseases were analyzed. Methods The number of cases of A, B and C infectious diseases was collected, the morbidity and the constituent ratio were calculated and statistically analyzed. Results A total of 60 830 cases of legal infectious diseases were reported in Longnan from 2008 to 2012, with an average annual incidence of 460.50 / 100,000. The incidence of male was significantly higher than that of female (χ2 = 3 086.29, P < 0.001). There were no reports of class A infectious diseases, 14 species of class B and 9 species of class C. The top five diseases were hepatitis B, tuberculosis, mumps, bacillary dysentery and hand-foot-mouth disease in sequence Hepatitis B and tuberculosis had the highest incidence, with statistical significance compared with other infectious diseases (χ2 = 30 792.75, P <0.001). In the past five years, 66 cases of legal infectious diseases in Longnan were reported, with an average annual mortality rate of 0.50 / 100 000, of which 51 cases of tuberculosis; 0 to 9 years old group the highest incidence of 20 to 29 years old group incidence decreased gradually with increasing age; Longnan Prefecture Wudu District, the highest incidence of notifiable infectious diseases. Conclusion The prevalence of notifiable infectious diseases in Longnan City is still relatively serious, especially hepatitis B and tuberculosis, so it is still very important to monitor and control the legal infectious diseases.