中国古代思想家老子把领导分为四种境界,即“侮之恨之”、“惧之敬之”、“亲而誉之”、“不知有之”。在现实生活中,“惧之敬之”和“亲而誉之”的领导方式较为普遍,尤其后者更是倍受推崇,但前三种领导方式都有明显的局限性,即在整个领导活动中,领导者居于领导情境的中心,被领 The ancient Chinese thinker Lao Tzu divided the leadership into four realms: “hate of aggression”, “respect for fear”, “dearest” and “unknown.” In real life, the leadership methods of “fear of respect” and “pro-reputation” are more common, especially the latter are more respected, but the first three kinds of leadership have obvious limitations, that is, the entire leadership activities In the leadership of the leaders living in the center of the situation, was taken