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目的分析兰州与合肥市2014年中小学生视力不良检出情况及影响因素,为制定针对性的预防措施提供依据。方法利用2014年兰州市与合肥市学生体质健康调研资料所获得的7~18岁中小学生视力不良数据进行统计学分析,并对相关影响因素进行问卷调查。结果 2014年中小学生视力不良检出率兰州市为81.3%,合肥市为74.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=665.01,P<0.01),且两市学生视力不良检出率随着年龄的升高呈上升趋势(χ~2值分别为23.10,20.22,P值均<0.01);此外,两市女生视力不良检出率均高于男生,城市均高于乡村(P值均<0.01)。重度视力不良构成比随着年龄的增加而升高,且兰州市重度视力不良检出率(57.0%)高于合肥市(37.2%)(χ~2=288.80,P<0.01)。非条件Logistic回归分析发现,城乡、性别和年龄均影响两市学生视力不良的发生,此外每天家庭作业时间是兰州市中小学生视力不良发生的危险因素,每天睡眠时间和体育锻炼时间是合肥市中小学生视力不良发生的保护因素(P值均<0.05)。结论兰州市与合肥市中小学生视力不良情况不容乐观,且影响两地学生视力不良发生的因素有所不同。在采取防治措施时,需因地制宜开展,改善学生的视力状况。
Objective To analyze the detection and influencing factors of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou and Hefei in 2014, and provide the basis for making targeted preventive measures. Methods The data of poor eyesight of primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years obtained from 2014 Lanzhou and Hefei students’ physical health survey were used for statistical analysis. The related factors were investigated by questionnaire. Results The prevalence of poor eyesight in primary and middle school students in 2014 was 81.3% in Lanzhou and 74.9% in Hefei, with significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 665.01, P <0.01). The prevalence of poor eyesight (Χ ~ 2 values were 23.10 and 20.22, P <0.01 respectively). In addition, the detection rates of visual acuity in girls in both cities were higher than those in boys and cities were higher than that in rural areas (P < 0.01). The incidence of severe visual acuity increased with age, and the rate of severe visual acuity (57.0%) in Lanzhou was higher than that in Hefei (37.2%) (χ ~ 2 = 288.80, P <0.01). Non-conditional logistic regression analysis found that both urban and rural areas, gender and age affected the occurrence of poor eyesight in students in both cities. In addition, daily homework was a risk factor for poor eyesight in primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou City. The daily sleep time and physical activity time were in Hefei Primary school students with poor vision protection factors (P <0.05). Conclusions The poor vision of primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou City and Hefei City is not optimistic, and the factors that affect the students’ visual acuity are different. When taking prevention and control measures, they should be tailored to local conditions to improve their eyesight.