论文部分内容阅读
免疫系统通常不能排除肿瘤，共主要原因是在肿瘤微环境中存在着多种抑制肿瘤免疫应答的因素。主要涉及肿瘤的弱抗原性；抗自身肿瘤Ｔ细胞的灭活或排除（耐受）；抗原呈递功能缺损；肿瘤细胞释放的免疫抑制物和免疫抑制细胞的活化；局部细胞因子缺乏。上述因素不一定导致全身免疫功能的低下，但却便肿瘤局部成为一个深度免疫抑制的“黑洞”区，不但身在其中的免疫细胞功能严重抑制，即使功能正常的免疫细胞，甚至活化的免疫细胞一旦进入这个环境，也将变为功能抑制状态。所以，体外经ＩＬ－２活化的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞回输体内，如无大量ＩＬ－２的同时输入，它到达肿瘤微环境中，立即回复到免疫抑制状态，而无肿瘤杀伤作用。根据上述事实，本文对目前基因工程此的肿瘤疫苗的前景进行了评述。
The immune system usually can not rule out the tumor, the main reason is that in the tumor microenvironment, there are many factors that inhibit tumor immune response. Mainly involving weak antigenicity of the tumor; inactivation or exclusion (tolerance) of anti-tumor T cells; loss of antigen presenting function; activation of immunosuppressants and immunosuppressive cells released by tumor cells; and lack of local cytokines. These factors do not necessarily lead to low systemic immune function, but the tumor locally becomes a deep immunosuppressive “black hole” area, not only in which immune cells function severely inhibited, even normal immune cells, and even activated immune cells Once in this environment, it will become a function of inhibition. Therefore, IL-2-activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes returned to the transfusion body in vitro without significant IL-2 input, it reached the tumor microenvironment, and immediately returned to immunosuppressive state without tumor-killing effect. Based on the above facts, this article reviews the current prospects of genetic engineering of this tumor vaccine.