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本文主要从劳动力及其工作岗位的匹配机制的变迁这一视角出发来考察中国劳动力市场发育的成熟程度。尽管社会网络机制一直在劳动力及其工作岗位的匹配中占据着主要地位,但随着时间的推移社会网络机制的作用将相对下降,而市场机制的作用将相对上升。与此相应的是,求职者在找工作时所动用的资本类型也将发生变化,人力资本对获得较好的工作(收入较高,职位较高)的作用不断上升,而社会资本的作用则不断下降。不过以2002年上海市失业群体抽样调查数据为基础的定量研究仅仅部分证实了上述观点:一方面随着经济转型的进行,劳动力市场中并未出现市场机制取代社会网络机制的迹象,社会网络一直在劳动力及其工作岗位的匹配中发挥着重要作用;另一方面人力资本对求职者所获工作质量的影响逐步增大,而社会资本对求职者所获工作质量的影响逐步减小。
This paper mainly examines the maturity of the development of China’s labor market from the perspective of the change of the matching mechanism of labor force and its jobs. Although social networking mechanisms have always dominated the workforce and their job matching, the role of social networking mechanisms will decline over time and the role of market mechanisms will rise. Correspondingly, the types of capital employed by job seekers in finding jobs will also change. The role of human capital in obtaining better jobs (higher incomes and higher positions) will continue to rise while the role of social capital Continuous decline. However, the quantitative study based on the sample survey data of the unemployed in Shanghai in 2002 only partly confirms the above view. On the one hand, as the economic restructuring progresses, there is no sign that the market mechanism replaces the social network mechanism in the labor market. The social network has been On the other hand, the influence of human capital on the quality of job-seekers received by the job seekers has been gradually increasing, and the impact of social capital on the job quality of job-seekers has been gradually diminished.