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杂交育种是水产生物育种的重要途径之一。杂交的积极作用在于子代中可以把双亲的优良性状综合或者部分表现出来,以显示出介于双亲的中间性状或杂种优势。因此亲本的选择是杂交育种工作中的关键,其中重要的一项原则就是双亲的生物学差异要比较显著,以求杂种后代变异程度较大。我国鲫鱼资源十分丰富,鲫鱼的育种工作也取得了较大的进展,但是在杂交育种的研究方面与鲤鱼还存在着较大的差距。目前培育出的有异育银鲫、湘云鲫、高邮鲫等优良品种。红鲫鱼是一种既有观赏价值又有食用价值的优良品种,野生鲫鱼在本地也是—种深受广大群众喜欢的食用鱼类。本实验通过形态特征分析方法对红鲫、野鲫及其杂交子一代的遗传特性进行分析,为以红鲫、野鲫作为亲本培育新的杂交鲫提供一定的理论依据。
Hybrid breeding is one of the important ways of aquatic breeding. The positive effect of hybridization is that the offspring can display the elite parents’ elite traits together or in part to show the intermediate traits or heterosis between parents. Therefore, the choice of parents is the key to hybrid breeding. One of the important principles is that the biological differences of parents should be more significant, so that the degree of variation in hybrid offspring is greater. Crucian carp resources in our country are very rich, crucian carp breeding work has made great progress, but there is still a big gap in the study of crossbreeding and carp. At present, there are all kinds of excellent breeds such as Allogynogenetic crucian carp, Carassius auratus gonorrhoeae and Gaoyou crucian carp. Red crucian carp is an excellent species with both ornamental value and edible value. Wild crucian carp is also a kind of edible fish favored by the masses. In this experiment, the genetic characteristics of the red crucian carp, wild crucian carp and their hybrids were analyzed by morphological characteristics analysis method, which provided some theoretical basis for breeding new hybrid crucian carp with red crucian carp and wild crucian carp as their parents.