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【目的】探讨利奈唑胺引起异基因造血干细胞移植后纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血（PRCA ）的临床表现、治疗及可能机制。【方法】报道1例异基因造血干细胞移植后应用利奈唑胺引起反复严重贫血，结合文献分析其可能原因。【结果】利奈唑胺可引起 PRCA ，可能与 T 细胞异常增殖有关。【结论】造血干细胞移植后应用利奈唑胺可能引起PRCA ，需密切监测网织红细胞的变化。“,”[Objective] To explore the clinical manifestations ,treatments and possible pathogenic mecha‐nism of linezolid‐induced pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) re‐cipients .[Methods]We reported a case of severe refractory anemia after linezolid dosing in a HSCT recipient . And the relevant literatures were also reviewed .[Results]Linezolid could induce PRCA ,especially in patients post‐HSCT .And it was probably related with an abnormal proliferation of T cells .[Conclusion]HSCT recipi‐ents may suffer from PRCA after linezolid dosing .And reticulocyte count should be closely monitored .