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自20世纪80年代中期,美国心理学家班杜拉提出了集体效能概念以来,集体效能逐渐成为了团体心理研究的新热点。运用文献资料法、问卷调查法以及实验法,通过创设竞争与合作不同的奖赏环境来研究奖赏结构及相关中介变量对运动员集体效能的影响。表明:1)在交互作用影响中,竞争奖赏环境下,自我效能会对集体效能产生正影响;合作奖赏环境下,自我效能会对队友知觉会对集体效能会产生正影响;2)不论在哪种奖赏环境下,高自我效能和高的对队友知觉对集体效能会产生积极影响;而低自我效能和低的对队友知觉对集体效能会产生消极影响。
Since the mid-1980s, American psychologist Bentura put forward the concept of collective efficiency, collective efficiency has gradually become a new focus of group psychology. By using the methods of literature, questionnaire and experiment, this paper studies the impact of reward structure and related intermediary variables on the collective performance of athletes by creating different rewarding environments for competition and cooperation. It shows that: 1) Self-efficacy has a positive impact on collective effectiveness in the context of interaction and competition; 2) In the context of cooperative reward, self-efficacy will have a positive effect on team performance; Under the rewarding environment, high self-efficacy and high perception of teammates will have a positive impact on the collective efficacy; while low self-efficacy and low perception of teammates will have a negative impact on the collective efficacy.