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目的了解上海市闸北区学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的症状阳性率和影响因素。方法使用一般情况调查表和注意缺陷多动症状调查表,采取整群-分层抽样的方法对上海市闸北区3～6岁学龄前儿童进行调查。针对注意缺陷多动症状调查表中症状阳性率的总体情况、年龄分布、及其与性别、户籍、家庭情况的关系,进行了比较和分析。结果学龄前儿童ADHD患病率为3.9%,男、女患病率分别为2.5%和1.3%,男、女比例为2:1。大部分症状阳性率大致随年龄增长而递减;阳性率最高年龄段分布于4～5岁;男性阳性率显著高于女性;外地户籍的儿童阳性率高于上海市户籍的儿童;按父母文化程度比较,症状阳性率有显著差异。结论学龄前儿童的注意缺陷症状的阳性率普遍高于多动症状,父母文化程度的高低与儿童ADHD症状严重程度有关。
Objective To investigate the positive rate and influential factors of symptoms in preschool children with ADHD in Zhabei District of Shanghai. Methods The questionnaires of general condition and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were used to investigate preschool children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in Zhabei District of Shanghai City using cluster-stratified sampling method. The general situation, age distribution, and the relationship between gender, family register and family status were analyzed and compared in the symptom-hyperactivity symptom questionnaire. Results The prevalence of ADHD in preschool children was 3.9%. The prevalence rates of male and female were 2.5% and 1.3% respectively. The male and female ratio was 2: 1. The positive rate of most of the symptoms decreased with age. The highest positive rate was in the range of 4 to 5 years. The positive rate of males was significantly higher than that of females. The positive rate of children with permanent maternity in Shanghai was higher than that of Shanghai residents. Comparison, the positive rate of symptoms were significantly different. Conclusions The prevalence of attention-deficit symptoms in preschool children is generally higher than hyperactivity symptoms, and the educational level of parents is related to the severity of ADHD symptoms in children.