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目的调查上海市黄浦区不同类型地下车库蚊虫孳生情况并分析原因与对策。方法 2014年7-8月蚊虫高峰季节,对上海市黄浦区101个不同类型地下车库进行蚊虫孳生地监测。结果 101个车库的粗阳性率与调整阳性率分别为35.64%和39.13%,孳生地阳性率为21.36%;居民区汽车库集水井阳性率(23.03%)高于商务楼环境(8.14%),两者差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.647,P=0.003),自行车库阳性率(46.67%)高于汽车库(23.03%)类型,两者差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.135,P=0.042)。大型汽车库阳性率及集水井孳生阳性率分别达到77.78%和29.63%,均高于小型汽车库的28.13%和12.86%,结果差异有统计学意义(χ~2=11.434,P=0.001;χ~2=6.740,P=0.009);多层汽车库阳性率及集水井孳生阳性率略高于单层(75.00%vs.43.48%,25.00%vs.22.78%)。结论上海城区地下车库密集,蚊虫孳生及侵害现象明显,需引起相关部门重视,在防制措施上重点控制集水井的水质改善及积水量,同时建议以物理防治为主,化学防治为辅。
Objective To investigate the breeding of mosquitoes in different types of underground garages in Huangpu District, Shanghai and to analyze the reasons and countermeasures. Methods During the mosquito season from July to August 2014, mosquito breeding sites were monitored in 101 different types of underground garages in Huangpu District of Shanghai. Results The positive rate and the positive rate of adjustment for the 101 garages were 35.64% and 39.13%, respectively, and the positive rate of breeding ground was 21.36%. The positive rate of garage wells in residential areas was higher (23.03%) than that of commercial buildings (8.14%), The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 8.647, P = 0.003). The positive rate of bicycle pool (46.67%) was higher than that of the garage (23.03%), the difference was statistically significant , P = 0.042). The positive rates of large car pool and breeding wells were 77.78% and 29.63% respectively, which were both higher than 28.13% and 12.86% of the small car garage, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 11.434, P = 0.001; χ ~ 2 = 6.740, P = 0.009). The positive rate of multi-storey car park and breeding wells were slightly higher than monolayers (75.00% vs.43.48%, 25.00% vs.22.78%). Conclusions The underground garage in Shanghai is dense with obvious mosquito breeding and infringement. It is necessary to pay attention to the relevant departments. The prevention and control measures should be focused on controlling the water quality improvement and water accumulation in the water collection wells. At the same time, it is suggested that chemical control be given priority to by physical prevention and control.