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采用大田小区试验,以水稻品种“武运粳29号”为供试材料,在等氮量替代条件下,设单施化肥(M1),以及25%有机肥(M2)、50%有机肥(M3)、75%有机肥(M4)、100%有机肥(M5)替代化肥等5个处理,研究不同有机-无机肥配施比例对水稻产量及农田地表径流NPK流失的影响。结果表明:M3处理水稻产量最高,主要因为其每穗粒数显著增加,同时其有效穗数相对较多;试验年度稻季农田地表径流水总量为3.6×10~3m~3·hm~(-2);从M1处理到M5处理,稻田地表径流水体总N流失量逐渐下降,M3处理较M1和M2处理显著下降;总P和K流失量逐渐增加,M3处理显著小于M4和M5处理;从M1处理到M5处理,稻田地表径流总N和K流失率逐渐下降,总P流失率逐渐增加,不同处理总N、总P、总K的平均流失率分别为4.52%、1.13%和5.68%;与M1处理相比较,M3处理在确保水稻高产的同时,减少了农田地表径流水体总N流失量和流失率,仅使总P流失量和流失率较小幅度增加,是一种适宜的有机肥替代化肥比例。
The field experiment was conducted in a field experiment with rice variety “Wuyunjing 29” as test material. Under the condition of equal replacement of nitrogen, single chemical fertilizer (M1), 25% organic fertilizer (M2) and 50% (M3), 75% organic fertilizer (M4) and 100% organic fertilizer (M5) as alternative fertilizers to study the effect of different organic-inorganic fertilizers on NPK loss and paddy runoff. The results showed that the highest yield of M3 was mainly due to the significant increase of spikelets per spike and the more effective spikelets. The total surface runoff of farmland in paddy season was 3.6 × 10 ~ 3m ~ 3 · hm ~ (-1) -2). From M1 to M5 treatment, the total N loss of surface runoff in rice paddy decreased gradually. Compared with M1 and M2 treatment, M3 treatment decreased significantly, total P and K loss gradually increased, and M3 treatment was significantly less than that of M4 and M5 treatment. From M1 to M5 treatment, the total N and K loss rates of surface runoff gradually decreased and the total P loss rate increased gradually. The average loss rates of total N, total P and total K of different treatments were 4.52%, 1.13% and 5.68% Compared with M1 treatment, M3 treatment reduced the total N loss and loss rate of surface runoff of farmland while ensuring the high yield of rice, which only increased the total loss and loss rate of total P, which was a suitable organic Fertilizer alternative fertilizer ratio.