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与一般科学发展规律一样,对原癌基因和抑癌基因的认识也经历了漫长的历程。原癌基因的概念来自癌基因,其最初是由Rous在1910年于鸡肉瘤滤液中的逆转录病毒中发现的(依Rous的姓氏而被命名为Rous氏肉瘤病毒,RSV),在当时并未被人们普遍接受。50余年后,Martin和Duesderg等分别证实了Rous的发现,并阐明了该逆转录病毒的致癌性,从而提出了癌基因的概念;但此时也仅停留在病癌基因的研究上。之后,人们又分别从RSV中分离出逆转录病毒酶(1975)和确定了逆转录病毒中存在的癌基因实际上是来源于正常细胞所含的原癌
As with the laws of general scientific development, the understanding of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes has also gone through a long process. The concept of proto-oncogenes is derived from oncogenes, which were originally discovered by Rous in 1910 in retroviruses in the filtrate of chicken sarcoma (named Rous sarcoma virus according to Rous’s surname, RSV) and were not at the time. It is generally accepted. More than 50 years later, Martin and Duesderg confirmed the findings of Rous, respectively, and clarified the carcinogenicity of the retrovirus. The concept of oncogenes was proposed, but at this time it only stayed in the study of oncogenes. Afterwards, people isolated the retroviral enzymes from RSV (1975) and determined that the oncogenes present in retroviruses are actually derived from the cancer cells contained in normal cells.