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[尽管八十年代世界经济的前景会是增长速度比较缓慢的,但农业生产,即使是对于低收入的国家,实际上都会有所增加。本文是根据1982年世界发展报告而写成的。] 过去的三十年来,农业的发展是极为显著的,其增长速度比以往任何一个时期都要高达一倍。发展中国家粮食生产能力的增强和发达国家的农业持续增长,大大地促进了农业产量的增加。世界农业业已进行了改造。史无前例的技术进步,是促成这一改造的主要因素。虽然取得的成就是显而易见的,有时甚至是难以令人置信的,但是,“世界粮食问题”依然是一个使人们萦扰于怀、忧心忡忡的难题。许多贫穷国家的人口增长速度高于农业增长速度,这样,从增加的粮食产量中所得的按人口平均计算的受益大大减少了,并且,许多国
[Although the prospects for the world economy in the 1980s will be relatively slow, the agricultural production will actually increase even in low-income countries. This article is based on the 1982 World Development Report. Over the past three decades, the development of agriculture has been extremely remarkable. Its growth rate has doubled from that of any previous period. The increasing grain production capacity of developing countries and the continuous growth of agriculture in developed countries have greatly contributed to the increase of agricultural output. World agriculture has been reformed. The unprecedented technological advancement is a major factor contributing to this transformation. Although the achievements have been made manifest and sometimes even unbelievable, the “world food issue” remains a daunting and worrying issue. In many poor countries, the rate of population growth is higher than the rate of agricultural growth, so that the benefits derived from the increased average grain output from increased food production have greatly diminished, and many countries