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实测获得时速385 km高速列车空心车轴的动应力后,基于线弹性断裂力学和塑性致裂纹闭合效应,采用20节点等参退化奇异单元逼近裂纹前缘,建立考虑车轮、齿轮与车轴的压装配合约束,分别在轴肩、轮-轴压装区、轮-齿过渡区或卸荷槽、齿-轴压装区和轴身等5个部位插入垂直于车轴中心线的半椭圆形裂纹,对含缺陷车轴进行损伤容限分析和剩余寿命评估.研究发现,对于深度为2 mm的单个半椭圆形表面裂纹,含缺陷轮-轴卸荷槽、轴肩、轮-轴压装区和齿-轴压装区的可运行总寿命分别约为7.9×10~4,58.7×10~4,372.5×10~4和823.9×10~4 km,由于轴身中部的裂纹尖端为典型的压缩应力状态,判定其不扩展.分析结果为我国更高速度级空心车轴安全设计与可靠服役提供了重要的理论依据和科学支撑.
Based on the linear elastic fracture mechanics and the plastic-induced crack closure effect, a degenerate singular element with isoparametric 20-node is used to approach the crack leading edge, and then the press-fit with wheel, gear and axle is established Constraint, semi-elliptical cracks perpendicular to the centerline of the axle are respectively inserted into the five locations of shoulder, wheel-axle press-fit zone, wheel-tooth transition zone or unloading trough, tooth-axle press- Damage tolerance analysis and residual life assessment of the defect-containing axles are carried out. The results show that for a single semi-elliptical surface crack with a depth of 2 mm, a defect wheel with shaft unloading groove, shoulder, wheel- The total working life of axial compression zone is about 7.9 × 10 ~ 4,58.7 × 10 ~ 4,372.5 × 10 ~ 4 and 823.9 × 10 ~ 4 km, respectively. Since the crack tip in the central part of the shaft is a typical compression stress state, Which is not extended.The analysis results provide an important theoretical basis and scientific support for the safety design and reliable service of the higher speed class hollow axle in our country.