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实验以渭源黑麻土壤(非盐碱土壤)为对照,研究景泰次生盐碱土壤和古浪戈壁残余盐碱土壤对马铃薯形态特征、水势、渗透调节物质含量和K+/Na+选择性吸收的影响。结果表明:(1)土壤盐碱化使马铃薯植株变小、茎变细、叶片变小,主根生长减慢,毛根数增加,匍匐茎数减少;(2)盐碱土壤中,马铃薯水势下降,脯氨酸和可溶性糖累积,Na+吸收增加,K+吸收减少;(3)戈壁残余盐碱土壤对马铃薯生长和渗透调节功能影响比景泰次生盐碱土壤大,w(Na+)/w(K+)和S Na+K+随土壤盐碱化加重而升高。说明盐碱土壤中,马铃薯通过叶片变小,主根变短,毛根数增加等形态结构变化适应盐碱环境;也通过积累脯氨酸、可溶性糖和大量吸收无机离子,增强自身渗透调节能力,适应盐碱胁迫。
Experiments were conducted on Weiyuan black soil (non-saline-alkali soil) as control to study the effects of residual saline-alkali soil in Jingtai and Gobi desert on morphological characteristics, water potential, osmotic adjustment substances and K + / Na + selective absorption influences. The results showed that: (1) Soil salinization made potato plant smaller, stems thinner, leaves smaller, main root growth slowed down, the number of hairy roots increased, the number of stolons reduced; (2) In saline soil, the potato water potential decreased, (3) The effects of residual saline-alkali soil in Gobi on potato growth and osmotic adjustment were greater than those in Jingtai secondary saline-alkali soil, w (Na +) / w (K +) and S Na + K + increased with the increase of soil salinization. It shows that in salt-alkali soil, the potato adapts to the saline-alkali environment through the change of its leaf shape, shortening of the main root and increasing of the number of the hairy roots. It also enhances its osmotic adjustment ability by accumulating proline, soluble sugar and absorbing a large amount of inorganic ions, Saline-alkali stress.