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目的了解近3年常州市境外输入性疟疾的流行特征。方法收集常州市2011~2013年的疟疾疫情数据、个案调查表及专题调查报告,用Excel表建立数据库。对输入性疟疾病例进行流行病学分析,并对临床表现、诊断治疗情况、镜检结果等进行分类统计。结果 2011~2013年全市共报告疟疾73例,均为境外输入性病例,病例主要分布在金坛市和溧阳市,发病季节呈全年分布,全部为男性,年龄范围24~60岁,以青壮年为主;职业主要为农民工和技术工人。感染来源地主要为安哥拉16例,占21.9%、尼日利亚14例,占19.2%、赤道几内亚13例,占17.8%。临床表现以发热为主,发病到初诊平均间隔3.1d;初发病例38例,占52.1%,再燃病例35例,占47.9%。病例初诊以县级医疗机构和县级疾控机构为主,分别占42.5%、27.4%,确诊单位与初诊单位的一致率为87.7%;实验室确诊病例70例,占95.9%。镜检结果为恶性疟53例,占75.7%、卵形疟14例,占20.0%、三日疟2例,占2.9%、间日疟1例,占1.4%。结论境外输入性疟疾是常州市疟疾的主要疫情特点,以恶性疟感染为主,感染来源地主要为非洲疟疾高发区。
Objective To understand the prevalence of imported malaria outside Changzhou in recent 3 years. Methods The malaria epidemic data, case investigation and special investigation reports from 2011 to 2013 in Changzhou were collected and the database was established with Excel. The epidemiological analysis of imported malaria cases, and clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, microscopic examination results were classified statistics. Results A total of 73 cases of malaria were reported in the city from 2011 to 2013, all of which were imported cases. The cases were mainly distributed in Jintan and Liyang. The disease season was distributed throughout the year, all of them were males, ranging in age from 24 to 60 years old. Prime of life; job mainly for migrant workers and skilled workers. The main source of infection was Angola in 16 cases, accounting for 21.9%, Nigeria in 14 cases, accounting for 19.2%, and Equatorial Guinea in 13 cases, accounting for 17.8%. The main clinical manifestations of fever, the onset of the first visit to the average interval of 3.1d; initial cases of 38 cases, accounting for 52.1%, 35 cases of reburning cases, accounting for 47.9%. The cases were mainly treated by county-level medical institutions and county-level CDC institutions, accounting for 42.5% and 27.4% respectively. The concordance rate between the confirmed and newly diagnosed units was 87.7%. Laboratory confirmed cases were 70 (95.9%). The results of microscopic examination were falciparum malaria in 53 cases (75.7%), oval malaria in 14 cases (20.0%), malaria in 3 cases (2.9%), and vivax malaria in 1 case (1.4%). Conclusion The imported malaria is the main epidemic characteristic of malaria in Changzhou City. The main source of infection is falciparum malaria infection. The main source of infection is malaria-endemic areas in Africa.