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目的调查首次发病支气管哮喘患者的心理健康状况,并分析心理学因素对患者生活质量的影响。方法采用抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、多伦多述情障碍评定量表、社会支持评定量表、特质应对方式问卷、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表调查112例首次发病支气管哮喘患者及110例正常对照者的心理健康状况。结果①首发支气管哮喘患者SAS评分显著高于对照组(t=4.89,P<0.01),SDS评分也显著高于对照组(t=3.69,P<0.01);②首发支气管哮喘患者较对照组客观支持少(t=2.05,P<0.05),对社会支持的利用较差(t=5.69,P<0.01);③首发支气管哮喘患者更多采用消极的应对方式(t=2.17,P<0.05);④患者较对照组存在述情困难,表现为难以描述自己的情感(t=6.35,P<0.01);⑤患者生活质量差于对照组,主要体现在生理领域(t=2.00,P<0.05);⑥相关分析结果表明,患者的生活质量受焦虑、抑郁情绪、述情困难、应对方式、较少的社会支持以及对支持的利用不足等多方面影响(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论首发支气管哮喘患者存在较多心理问题,影响患者的生活质量。心理健康状况差是支气管哮喘发病的危险因素。
Objective To investigate the mental health status of patients with first-onset bronchial asthma and analyze the influence of psychological factors on the quality of life of patients. Methods A total of 112 patients with first-onset bronchial asthma were investigated by using self-rating depression scale, self-rating anxiety scale, Toronto alexithymia rating scale, social support rating scale, trait coping style questionnaire and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire Patients and 110 normal controls mental health status. Results ①SAS score of first episode bronchial asthma patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (t = 4.89, P <0.01), SDS score was also significantly higher than that of the control group (t = 3.69, P <0.01) (T = 2.05, P <0.05), poor utilization of social support (t = 5.69, P <0.01); ③ Negative coping strategies were more frequently used in first-episode asthmatic patients (t = 2.17, P <0.05) (T = 2.50, P <0.05); (4) The patients had more difficulty in describing the emotion than the control group (t = 6.35, P <0.01); ⑤The quality of life of the patients was worse than that of the control group ); ⑥ Correlation analysis showed that the quality of life of the patients was affected by anxiety, depression, difficulty in coping style, coping style, less social support and inadequate use of support (P <0.05 or <0.01). Conclusion There are many psychological problems in patients with first-episode asthma, affecting the quality of life of patients. Poor mental health is a risk factor for the development of bronchial asthma.