20世纪西方法哲学的发展以法律实证主义和自然法学之间的论战为动力,而其核心话题便是法律和道德的分离命题。也即,法律的核心要素究竟为何?道德是否是法律的内容?自然法学者们和实证主义法学者们众说纷纭。这个问题在实证主义法学内部也争论不休,经历了一个论辩的过程。边沁的实证主义观念,是建立在功利主义哲学之基础上,他以幸福和痛苦去简单地分 The development of western legal philosophy in the 20th century is motivated by the polemics between legal positivism and natural law and its central topic is the separation of law and morality. In other words, what are the core elements of law and are morality the content of law? Natural law scholars and positivist scholars have different opinions. This issue also argues endlessly within positivist jurisprudence and has undergone a process of argument. Bentham’s concept of positivism is based on the utilitarian philosophy, he simply divided by happiness and pain