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本文通过广泛地综述西方国家文献来归纳和总结成本收益分析法在环境法规评估中的应用。本文将重点论述发达国家(美国、英国以及欧盟国家)政府运用成本收益分析法的实践,在政策法规决策中采用成本收益分析法的步骤,以及在政策法规评估中运用成本收益分析法的优缺点。最后,本文也对政策法规决策中采用成本收益分析法的两个关键问题进行了充分论述,即非市场影响的评估和社会贴现率。
This paper summarizes the literature of western countries to summarize and summarize the application of cost-benefit analysis in the assessment of environmental laws and regulations. This article will focus on the implementation of cost-benefit analysis in developed countries (the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union), the introduction of cost-benefit analysis in policy decisions, and the advantages and disadvantages of applying cost-benefit analysis in the assessment of policies and regulations . Finally, this article also gives a full account of two key issues of using cost-benefit analysis in policy and decision making, namely, the evaluation of non-market impact and the social discount rate.