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认知不协调理论是美国社会心理学家费斯廷格在研究态度转变问题时于1957年提出来的。他认为,人的认知由许多因素构成,它们之间有些是彼此独立的,有些则是相互关联的。相互关联的认知因素之间存在两种情况:一是两个认知因素之间呈协调关系,二是呈不协调关系。在对待任何问题和事件上,人总有一种要保持各种认知协调的倾向,保持自身态度与行为协调一致的动机。一旦认知不协调,人就会感到紧张、不安和烦闷,就会产生减少或消除这种不协调的内在驱力。当个体认知失调后,减少不协调的途径主要有三种:减弱不协调要素的重要性;增加其中的一致
The theory of cognitive uncoordination was put forward by American social psychologist Fistenge in 1957 when he changed his attitude toward study. He believes that people’s cognition consists of many factors, some of them are independent of each other, while others are interrelated. There are two kinds of interrelated cognitive factors: one is the coordination between two cognitive factors, and the other is the uncoordinated relationship. In dealing with any problems and incidents, people always have a tendency to maintain a variety of cognitive coordination, to maintain their own attitude and behavior consistent with the motives. Once the cognitive dissonance, people will feel nervous, restless and boredom, there will be to reduce or eliminate this internal discordant drive. There are three main ways to reduce uncoordination after individual cognitive disorders: reduce the importance of uncoordinated elements; increase agreement among them