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血管内皮细胞糖萼是位于内皮细胞顶膜的一层绒毛状多糖蛋白复合结构,其主要成分是糖蛋白(glycoprotein)和蛋白聚糖(proteoglycan),在感受流动剪切力、调节血管壁通透性、抑制血细胞对内皮的黏附及调控微循环流变学性质等方面起到了核心作用。糖萼受损将直接与糖尿病、缺血/再灌注损伤、动脉粥样硬化等疾病息息相关。准确揭示糖萼的结构,测定其力学性质,用之临床,如何在体观测糖萼,获得定量信息,对于糖萼力传导机制的研究及临床上心血管疾病的早期诊疗和防护将具有十分重要的意义。在简要回顾糖萼的发现历程后,着重针对迄今为止糖萼的病理意义、主要的观测手段、力学性质的测量技术加以综述。
Vascular endothelial glycocalyx is a layer of villous polysaccharide protein complex located on the apical membrane of endothelial cells. Its main components are glycoprotein and proteoglycan, which can sense the flow shear force and regulate the permeability of blood vessel wall Sexual, inhibit the adhesion of blood cells to the endothelium and the regulation of microcirculation rheological properties and played a central role. Glycocalyx damage will be directly related to diabetes, ischemia / reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis and other diseases are closely related. Accurately reveal the structure of glycocalyx, determine its mechanical properties, clinical use, how to observe glycocalyx in vivo, to obtain quantitative information, for glycocalyx transmission mechanism and clinical diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular disease is very important Meaning. After a brief review of the discovery process of glycocalyx, focusing on the pathological significance of the glycocalyx so far, the main observation means, measurement techniques of mechanical properties are reviewed.