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果树具有庞大的地下根系和地上的枝叶、花、果系统,地上、地下双方相互依赖并相互制约,一般来讲,在根系与树冠之间尚有一个明显的主干,具有着特殊的地位和任务。一、主干—树体的“关隘”部位主干是果树地上,地下两大部分的连接轴,是其物质交换的必经枢纽。根系从土壤中吸收的矿质元素的水分,以及由根合成的一些有机物质如酶、激素、维生素类等物质,通过主干特别是木质部中的导管,送往地上部的器官,而地上部各器官尤其是绿色器官,将其制造的有机营养与合成的微量特殊物质也通过主干活组织,特别是韧皮部中的筛管分别运往树体其它部分包括地下根系。
Fruit trees have a huge underground root system and branches and leaves on the ground, flower and fruit system, both on the ground and underground interdependence and mutual restraint, in general, there is a clear trunk between the root system and canopy, has a special status and tasks . First, the main trunk - the body of the “pass” part of the trunk is the fruit tree on the ground, underground two major axis of connection, is the necessary material exchange hub. Roots absorb moisture from mineral elements in the soil, as well as some organic substances such as enzymes, hormones, vitamins and other substances synthesized by the roots, are transported to the above-ground organs through the catheters in the trunk, especially in the xylem, and aboveground organs In particular, the green organs transport the organic nutrients and synthetic micronutrients they make to the other parts of the tree, including the underground roots, respectively, through the main living tissues, especially the phloem in the phloem.