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清康熙二十四年(1685)开海禁,设海关(江、浙、闽、粤),开辟了中西贸易的新时代。由于种种机缘,一些出身寒微的普通中国人登上了西洋的商船,踏足当时华人足迹罕至的西洋诸国。这些远涉西洋、身处异域之人,对西洋文化及中西文化差异的感知程度如何,并形成怎样的西洋观?这是一个有趣且值得探究的问题。本文试就乾隆年间远涉西洋的谢清高及记录其海外见闻的《海录》一书,对这一问题作一粗浅的探讨。
In the 24th year of the Qing Emperor Kangxi (1685), the sea ban was set up and customs (Jiang, Zhe, Min and Yue) opened up a new era of trade between China and the West. Due to all sorts of opportunities, some ordinary Chinese people who were born in cold weather boarded Western merchant ships and set foot on the western countries that were scarcely Chinese. What are the perceptions of Western culture and the differences between Western cultures and those Western cultures that are far away from the West and those who are in different places? This is an interesting and worth exploring question. This paper tries to make a brief discussion on this issue by referring to Xie Qinggao and Qianhai recorded during his reign of Qianlong in the Western Ocean.