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本文对汉语中使用“什么”的否定格式……“X什么(Y)”、“什么X!”格式和日语中使用“nani”的否定格式……“nani-oX!”和“nani-gaX!”进行了句法和功能的比较,探讨了两种语言中存在的个性和共性。通过分析发现,两种语言之间存在不同的分工机制。汉语中的两种否定格式之间存在词类方面的分工,而日语中的两种格式之间的分工不同源于该格式的触发语性质。另外,汉语和日语的否定格式都不允许X位置使用否定形式,对此,本文从语法化理论的“保持原则”这一原则进行解释。
This article uses a negative format of “what” in Chinese ... “x” (y) “,” what x! “Format and a negative format using” nani “in Japanese ...” nani -oX! “and ” nani-gaX! “for syntactic and functional comparison, exploring the personalities and commonalities that exist in both languages. Through the analysis, we found that there are different division of labor mechanisms between the two languages. There is a division of speech between the two forms of negation in Chinese, while the division of labor between the two forms in Japanese differs from the triggering nature of the format. In addition, the negative format of Chinese and Japanese do not allow the use of the negative form of X. Therefore, this article explains the principle of ”principle of preservation" of grammaticalization.