人类病原真菌代表了病原微生物一个重要类群,主要感染免疫缺陷、受损和受抑制的患者,导致很高的死亡率。绝大多数的人类病原真菌属于环境病原微生物,它们与人类宿主并无长期共同进化史以及紧密的共生关系,这类真菌被称为环境病原真菌。新生隐球菌作为环境病原真菌的模式种,每年导致约60万人死亡。与其他环境病原真菌相似,该菌的致病能力并不由宿主因素驱动,而是衍生于其对于生境压力出色的适应性策略。近几年来的研究表明,群体或社会行为可能作为一个关键环境适应策略,广泛参与新生隐球菌的感染、耐药以及有性生殖过程。本文以新生隐球菌为例,针对生物被膜以及生物被膜样群落,总结其中的群体或社会调控方式,并对其研究前景和临床应用提出了一些思考。 Human pathogenic fungi represent an important group of pathogenic microorganisms that primarily infect immunodeficient, impaired and depressed patients, resulting in high mortality. The vast majority of human pathogenic fungi are environmental pathogenic microorganisms that do not have a long co-evolutionary history with closely related symbiotic relationships with human hosts. Such fungi are known as environmental pathogenic fungi. Cryptococcus neoformans, a model species of environmental pathogenic fungi, causes an estimated 600,000 deaths each year. Like other environmental pathogenic fungi, the pathogenicity of this bacterium is not driven by host factors, but rather stems from its adaptive strategy of stress to habitats. In recent years, studies have shown that group or social behavior may be as a key environmental adaptation strategy, widely involved in C. neoformans infection, resistance and sexual reproduction process. In this paper, taking Cryptococcus neoformans as an example, the biofilms and biofilm-like communities were summarized, and the methods of community or social regulation were summarized. Some suggestions on their research prospects and clinical applications were put forward.