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浆糊作为古籍修裱的特殊材料,其性能优劣直接关系到修裱的质量。目前,古籍修裱存在浆糊易霉变以及化学药剂常被添加至浆糊中会污染环境和古籍本体等诸多问题。为最大限度地提高古籍修裱浆糊质量,本文结合文献记载中药的种类和添加量,依据中药成分及药理作用,特性及成分,选取百部、苦参等富含生物碱的中药为研究对象,从添加中药前后浆糊的抑菌性、黏度、酸度、外观变化等方面探讨中药对古籍修裱浆糊性能的影响。结果表明,巴豆、黄柏和苦参改善浆糊的抑菌性、黏度和裱件的柔韧性等效果较为理想,且酸度与纯浆糊最为接近,但会改变浆糊和裱件的外观,因而该类中药作为浆糊添加剂应注意脱色或控制使用量。此外,石灰末可提高浆糊的酸度,其他单味或复方中药的添加均会降低浆糊的酸度,尤以中药白矾最为显著。因此,从古籍保护的长远考虑,修裱浆糊中添加中药的类型应慎重选取。
Paste as a special issue of ancient books mounted framed, its performance is directly related to the quality of framed. At present, there are many problems in ancient books such as the easy-to-mold paste and the chemical additives often added to the paste, which can pollute the environment and ancient books. In order to maximize the quality of ancient medicinal mulching paste, according to the type and amount of traditional Chinese medicine recorded in the literature, based on the traditional Chinese medicine composition and pharmacological effects, characteristics and composition, this study selected 100 Chinese herbal medicines rich in alkaloids such as Sophora flavescens The effects of traditional Chinese medicine on the properties of the ancient framed mulch paste were discussed from the aspects of bacteriostasis, viscosity, acidity and appearance of the paste before and after the addition of traditional Chinese medicine. The results showed that croton, cortex phellodendri and Sophora flavescens can improve the bacteriostasis, viscosity and the flexibility of the sealant. The acidity is the closest to the pure sealant, but it will change the appearance of the sesame paste and the mounting parts Such Chinese medicine as a paste additive should pay attention to decolorization or control the amount used. In addition, the end of lime can improve the paste acidity, the other single or compound Chinese medicine will reduce the paste acidity, especially in the most significant Chinese alum. Therefore, from the long-term consideration of the protection of ancient books, the type of medicinal herb added in the bast paste should be carefully selected.