一、加强土肥水管理一是在干旱时及时灌水,特别是在苹果晚熟果实采收后如遇干旱,一定要浇水。土壤结冻前,再浇封冻水。其次是施肥,在果树投影下挖环形沟或放射状沟,一般根据树体大小,每产一斤果施二斤有机肥,有条件的果园可以先进行中耕,再进行树盘覆草,一般厚度掌握在6厘米左右,这样既可以调节土壤温湿度,又可以增加土壤养分。三是深翻冻土,在冬至前后土壤似冻非冻时,对果园进行一次全面翻耕,既有利于改良土壤理化性状,防止土壤板结,又有助于冻死在土壤中越冬的害虫、蛹及草根、草籽等。二、冬季修剪冬季修剪主要是调整骨架、开张角度,一般在落叶后至萌芽前进行。修剪的主要方法有短截、回缩、疏枝、拉枝、甩放、刻伤等。按树形要求留好骨干枝,疏除过密 First, to strengthen soil and water management First, timely irrigation in the drought, especially in the late harvest of apples in case of drought in the harvest, be sure to water. Soil frozen before pouring frozen water. Followed by fertilization, dug annular groove or radial ditch under the projection of fruit trees, generally according to the size of the tree, produce two kilograms of organic fertilizer per kilogram of fruit, conditional orchard cultivation can be carried out, and then the tree cover grass, the general thickness Mastered at about 6 cm, so that both the soil temperature and humidity can be adjusted, but also can increase soil nutrients. Third, the deep and frozen soil, before and after the winter solstice soil freezing and thawing, the orchard to conduct a comprehensive plowing, both conducive to improving soil physical and chemical properties, to prevent soil compaction, but also help to freeze dead pests in the soil overwintering, Pupa and grass, grass seeds and so on. Second, winter pruning Winter pruning is mainly to adjust the skeleton, opening angle, generally after deciduous bud to sprout. The main method of pruning short cut, retraction, thinning branches, pull branches, rejection, engraving and so on. According to the requirements of the tree stay sticks, sparse over dense