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以DEM为基础,并参照卫星影像,提取了不同比例尺下中国大陆海岸线,从海岸地质构造特征和海岸类型角度出发,对我国大陆海岸线整体、沉降隆起岸段和不同类型海岸尺度效应进行分析,并探讨了引起尺度效应差异的地理环境因素。研究表明:(1)中国大陆海岸线整体分形维数为1.195,岸线长度受测量尺度影响显著,定量刻画海岸线长度不可忽略相应测量尺度;(2)岸线分形受地质构造特征和水动力因素控制明显,隆起段和沉降段海岸线分形维数有着显著差异:辽东半岛隆起段分形维数为1.153,辽河—华北平原沉降段分形维数为1.116,山东半岛隆起段分形维数为1.148,苏北—杭州湾沉降段分形维数为1.177,浙东—桂南隆起段分形维数则达1.239;(3)海岸线尺度效应同时随海岸类型不同有着显著差异,位于冀北平原和滦河三角洲平原岸段的砂质岸线分形维数为1.109;位于苏北平原的淤泥质岸线分维数为1.056,位于闽东南山地丘陵的基岩海岸线分形维数达1.293。海岸线是陆、海和气界面的交汇线,其分形性质的定量刻画,可为多尺度研究海气、陆气和海陆相互作用提供科学基础。
Taking the DEM as the base and taking satellite images as reference, the coastlines of the Chinese mainland at different scales were extracted. From the perspective of the geological structure and the types of coasts, the scale effects of the coastline, the subsidence and uplift of coastlines and the different types of coastlines in China were analyzed. Discusses the geographical environmental factors that cause the difference of scale effect. The results show that: (1) the overall fractal dimension of the coastline of mainland China is 1.195, the length of shoreline is significantly affected by the measuring scale, and the quantitative measurement of the coastline length can not be ignored. (2) The shoreline fractal is controlled by geological structure and hydrodynamic factors The fractal dimension of the uplift of Liaodong Peninsula is 1.153, the fractal dimension of the Liaohe-North China Plain is 1.116, the fractal dimension of Shandong Peninsula uplift is 1.148, The fractal dimension of the Hangzhou Bay subsidence segment is 1.177 and the fractal dimension of the east Zhejiang-Guinean uplift reaches 1.239. (3) The coastline scale effect also has significant differences with different coast types. It is located in the northern Hebei Plain and Luanhe delta plain The fractal dimension of the sandy shoreline is 1.109. The fractal dimension of the silt shoreline in the northern Jiangsu plain is 1.056. The fractal dimension of the bedrock coastline in the mountainous hills of southeastern Fujian reaches 1.293. Coastline is the intersection of land, sea and gas interfaces. The quantitative characterization of its fractal properties can provide a scientific basis for the multi-scale study of the interaction between sea air, land gas and land and sea.